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_builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#e08f1a\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #e08f1a;\">1. <\/span>Crossroads Passeig de Gr\u00e0cia and Avinguda de la Diagonal<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbe1&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text content_tablet=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22><strong>Aquest encreuament entre dues de les principals vies de Barcelona va ser testimoni d&#8217;importants fets de la hist\u00f2ria contempor\u00e0nia local, convertint-se aix\u00ed en un espai de mem\u00f2ria cabdal de la ciutat. El 24 de juliol del 1936, pocs dies despr\u00e9s de l&#8217;esclat de la Guerra Civil, milers de persones s&#8217;hi van aplegar per acomiadar les columnes de milicians que anaven a lluitar al front. Dos anys m\u00e9s tard, el 28 d&#8217;octubre del 1938, la ciutadania retia homenatge i acomiadava al mateix punt els brigadistes internacionals que havien defensat la Rep\u00fablica i que deixaven el pa\u00eds mesos abans de la fi del conflicte.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>El mes de juliol del 1936, aquesta cru\u00eflla va ser testimoni de la marxa dels voluntaris cap al front de guerra. Es va fer una convocat\u00f2ria des del sindicat CNT-FAI perqu\u00e8 el m\u00e0xim nombre d&#8217;homes es present\u00e9s al passeig de Gr\u00e0cia amb Diagonal, a tocar del Cinc d&#8217;Oros, per formar part de les mil\u00edcies que havien d&#8217;anar a lluitar al front d&#8217;Arag\u00f3. L&#8217;aflu\u00e8ncia de gent va ser massiva, tant de milicians com de p\u00fablic que anava a acomiadar-los. Algunes petites columnes van sortir de la ciutat els dies 22 i 23 de juliol, per\u00f2 les grans columnes ho farien a partir del dia 24. Es van formar dues grans columnes, la Durruti -formada per uns 2.500 voluntaris- i la Columna Ortiz -amb uns 800 milicians. L&#8217;origen d&#8217;aquestes columnes el trobem el 21 de juliol, quan es va crear el Comit\u00e8 Central de Mil\u00edcies Antifeixistes (CCMA) amb l&#8217;objectiu d&#8217;organitzar les seves pr\u00f2pies mil\u00edcies, ja que una gran part de l&#8217;ex\u00e8rcit havia donat suport a l&#8217;al\u00e7ament militar en contra de la Rep\u00fablica.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>Dos anys m\u00e9s tard, arran del comprom\u00eds del cap del Govern de la Rep\u00fablica, Juan Negr\u00edn, amb la Societat de Nacions de retirar els ciutadans estrangers que combatien amb l&#8217;ex\u00e8rcit popular, i amb l&#8217;esperan\u00e7a que els aliats internacionals de Franco fessin el mateix, el 28 d&#8217;octubre del 1938, aquesta mateixa cru\u00eflla presenciava un altre fet destacat. Els barcelonins i barcelonines acomiadaven multitudin\u00e0riament i retien homenatge a les unitats militars creades a l&#8217;inici de la Guerra Civil i que van rebre el nom de Brigades Internacionals, formades per voluntaris estrangers de fins a 54 pa\u00efsos. Segons les fonts, la xifra de voluntaris m\u00e9s consensuada \u00e9s de prop de 60.000, dels quals 10.000 van ser morts en combat.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>Durant aquella jornada es van veure diferents pancartes d&#8217;agra\u00efment i banderes mentre l&#8217;aviaci\u00f3 republicana sobrevolava la zona llen\u00e7ant octavetes amb paraules d&#8217;agra\u00efment als brigadistes per la tasca realitzada. Al voltant de 300.000 persones van assistir a la desfilada per homenatjar els soldats, mentre sonava %22La Internacional%22 i l&#8217;%22Himne de Riego%22, i amb la pres\u00e8ncia de tots els representants institucionals. Avui, al districte d&#8217;Horta-Guinard\u00f3 hi ha un monument en mem\u00f2ria de les Brigades Internacionals.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bb content_phone=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22><strong>Aquest encreuament entre dues de les principals vies de Barcelona va ser testimoni d&#8217;importants fets de la hist\u00f2ria contempor\u00e0nia local, convertint-se aix\u00ed en un espai de mem\u00f2ria cabdal de la ciutat. El 24 de juliol del 1936, pocs dies despr\u00e9s de l&#8217;esclat de la Guerra Civil, milers de persones s&#8217;hi van aplegar per acomiadar les columnes de milicians que anaven a lluitar al front. Dos anys m\u00e9s tard, el 28 d&#8217;octubre del 1938, la ciutadania retia homenatge i acomiadava al mateix punt els brigadistes internacionals que havien defensat la Rep\u00fablica i que deixaven el pa\u00eds mesos abans de la fi del conflicte.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>El mes de juliol del 1936, aquesta cru\u00eflla va ser testimoni de la marxa dels voluntaris cap al front de guerra. Es va fer una convocat\u00f2ria des del sindicat CNT-FAI perqu\u00e8 el m\u00e0xim nombre d&#8217;homes es present\u00e9s al passeig de Gr\u00e0cia amb Diagonal, a tocar del Cinc d&#8217;Oros, per formar part de les mil\u00edcies que havien d&#8217;anar a lluitar al front d&#8217;Arag\u00f3. L&#8217;aflu\u00e8ncia de gent va ser massiva, tant de milicians com de p\u00fablic que anava a acomiadar-los. Algunes petites columnes van sortir de la ciutat els dies 22 i 23 de juliol, per\u00f2 les grans columnes ho farien a partir del dia 24. Es van formar dues grans columnes, la Durruti -formada per uns 2.500 voluntaris- i la Columna Ortiz -amb uns 800 milicians. L&#8217;origen d&#8217;aquestes columnes el trobem el 21 de juliol, quan es va crear el Comit\u00e8 Central de Mil\u00edcies Antifeixistes (CCMA) amb l&#8217;objectiu d&#8217;organitzar les seves pr\u00f2pies mil\u00edcies, ja que una gran part de l&#8217;ex\u00e8rcit havia donat suport a l&#8217;al\u00e7ament militar en contra de la Rep\u00fablica.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>Dos anys m\u00e9s tard, arran del comprom\u00eds del cap del Govern de la Rep\u00fablica, Juan Negr\u00edn, amb la Societat de Nacions de retirar els ciutadans estrangers que combatien amb l&#8217;ex\u00e8rcit popular, i amb l&#8217;esperan\u00e7a que els aliats internacionals de Franco fessin el mateix, el 28 d&#8217;octubre del 1938, aquesta mateixa cru\u00eflla presenciava un altre fet destacat. Els barcelonins i barcelonines acomiadaven multitudin\u00e0riament i retien homenatge a les unitats militars creades a l&#8217;inici de la Guerra Civil i que van rebre el nom de Brigades Internacionals, formades per voluntaris estrangers de fins a 54 pa\u00efsos. Segons les fonts, la xifra de voluntaris m\u00e9s consensuada \u00e9s de prop de 60.000, dels quals 10.000 van ser morts en combat.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>Durant aquella jornada es van veure diferents pancartes d&#8217;agra\u00efment i banderes mentre l&#8217;aviaci\u00f3 republicana sobrevolava la zona llen\u00e7ant octavetes amb paraules d&#8217;agra\u00efment als brigadistes per la tasca realitzada. Al voltant de 300.000 persones van assistir a la desfilada per homenatjar els soldats, mentre sonava %22La Internacional%22 i l&#8217;%22Himne de Riego%22, i amb la pres\u00e8ncia de tots els representants institucionals. Avui, al districte d&#8217;Horta-Guinard\u00f3 hi ha un monument en mem\u00f2ria de les Brigades Internacionals.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|tablet\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>This crossroads between two of the main thoroughfares in Barcelona witnessed several important episodes in contemporary local history, becoming a crucial space for the historic memory in the city. In July 1936, days after the outbreak of the Civil War, thousands assembled here to salute the militia columns as they left, bound for the fighting at the front. Two years later, on 28 October 1938, citizens gathered once more to honour and bid farewell to the International Brigades, which had defended the Republic and now left the country months before the end of the war.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In July 1936, this crossroads witnessed a march of volunteers off to the war front. The CNT-FAI called for as many men as possible to muster at the crossroads of Passeig de Gr\u00e0cia and Diagonal, by the Cinc d\u0092Oros obelisk, to form part of the militias bound for the Aragon front. A massive crowd assembled, including both militiamen and members of the general public come to cheer them on their way. A few small columns left the city on July 22 and 23, whilst the largest departed on July 24. Two large columns were formed: the Durruti, comprising some 2,500 volunteers; and the Ortiz, with around 800 militiamen. The origins of these columns go back to July 21, when the Central Committee of Anti-Fascist Militias (CCMA) was established with the mission of organising the country\u0092s own militias, as a large proportion of the army had supported the military uprising against the Republic.<\/p>\n<p>Two years later, on 28 October 1938, in compliance with the agreement between Juan Negr\u00edn, leader of the Republican Government, and the League of Nations, to withdraw all foreign nationals fighting in the popular army, this same crossroads witnessed another important event. The people of Barcelona assembled here en masse to bid farewell and pay homage to the International Brigades, military units established at the start of the Civil War and formed by foreign nationals from 54 countries. The different sources vary in their estimates, but most agree that there were around 60,000, volunteers, 10,000 of whom were killed in combat.<\/p>\n<p>Many banners and flags expressing thanks were seen that day, whilst Republican air force planes flew over the area dropping leaflets thanking the Brigadiers for their contribution to the war effort. Some 300,000 people, as well as representatives from the institutions, all attended the parade in honour of these soldiers, whilst the band played The Internationale and the Himno de Riego. Today, a monument to the International Brigades stands in Barcelona\u0092s Horta-Guinard\u00f3 district.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#e08f1a\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbright\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">PERIOD: CIVIL WAR<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb6878,6879,6880,6881&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; 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header_level=\u00bbh3&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#e08f1a\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #e08f1a;\">2. <\/span>Headquarters of Occupation Services<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbe2&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text content_tablet=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22><strong>El Palau Robert, edifici d&#8217;estil neocl\u00e0ssic i edificat el 1903, va ser, durant la Guerra Civil, la seu del Departament de Cultura de la Generalitat de Catalunya. Posteriorment, amb l&#8217;entrada de les tropes franquistes a la ciutat, l&#8217;edifici fou requisat i es convert\u00ed en la Jefatura de los Servicios de Ocupaci\u00f3n, centre d&#8217;operacions de la repressi\u00f3 franquista.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>El 26 de gener del 1939, l&#8217;ex\u00e8rcit sollevat entrava a Barcelona i Franco sotmetia la ciutat a un r\u00e8gim especial d&#8217;ocupaci\u00f3. L&#8217;objectiu era organitzar la repressi\u00f3 contra els anomenats %22rojos-separatistas%22 i establir l&#8217;ordre entre els vencedors per evitar pugnes internes. El general Eliseo \u00c1lvarez Arenas ocup\u00e0 el c\u00e0rrec de cap dels Serveis d&#8217;Ocupaci\u00f3, sota els quals quedaven subordinats el Govern Civil, el Govern Militar i l&#8217;Ajuntament de Barcelona, situant-se jer\u00e0rquicament per sobre de tots els serveis com ara la sanitat, la premsa, la propaganda i fins i tot la banca.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>Amb el r\u00e8gim especial d&#8217;ocupaci\u00f3, Barcelona qued\u00e0 sota l&#8217;estat de guerra i les noves autoritats van exercir un aut\u00e8ntic control sobre qualsevol activitat: es requisaren tot tipus de materials (sobretot vehicles i aliments), s&#8217;impuls\u00e0 la depuraci\u00f3 de m\u00e9s de 15.800 funcionaris del Govern catal\u00e0, s&#8217;aplic\u00e0 la censura als diaris de la ciutat, es canviaren els noms de carrers i es retiraren les escultures amb un significat pol\u00edtic o catalanista, etc.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>El r\u00e8gim especial d&#8217;ocupaci\u00f3, finalitz\u00e0 formalment l&#8217;1 d&#8217;agost del 1939, quan ja havia pres possessi\u00f3 el nou ajuntament de la ciutat amb Miquel Mateu i Pla coma alcalde; s&#8217;havia instaurat la Diputaci\u00f3 Provincial de Barcelona i s&#8217;havia creat la Capitania General de la IV Regi\u00f3 Militar corresponent a l&#8217;\u00e0rea de Catalunya.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bb content_phone=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22><strong>El Palau Robert, edifici d&#8217;estil neocl\u00e0ssic i edificat el 1903, va ser, durant la Guerra Civil, la seu del Departament de Cultura de la Generalitat de Catalunya. Posteriorment, amb l&#8217;entrada de les tropes franquistes a la ciutat, l&#8217;edifici fou requisat i es convert\u00ed en la Jefatura de los Servicios de Ocupaci\u00f3n, centre d&#8217;operacions de la repressi\u00f3 franquista.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>El 26 de gener del 1939, l&#8217;ex\u00e8rcit sollevat entrava a Barcelona i Franco sotmetia la ciutat a un r\u00e8gim especial d&#8217;ocupaci\u00f3. L&#8217;objectiu era organitzar la repressi\u00f3 contra els anomenats %22rojos-separatistas%22 i establir l&#8217;ordre entre els vencedors per evitar pugnes internes. El general Eliseo \u00c1lvarez Arenas ocup\u00e0 el c\u00e0rrec de cap dels Serveis d&#8217;Ocupaci\u00f3, sota els quals quedaven subordinats el Govern Civil, el Govern Militar i l&#8217;Ajuntament de Barcelona, situant-se jer\u00e0rquicament per sobre de tots els serveis com ara la sanitat, la premsa, la propaganda i fins i tot la banca.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>Amb el r\u00e8gim especial d&#8217;ocupaci\u00f3, Barcelona qued\u00e0 sota l&#8217;estat de guerra i les noves autoritats van exercir un aut\u00e8ntic control sobre qualsevol activitat: es requisaren tot tipus de materials (sobretot vehicles i aliments), s&#8217;impuls\u00e0 la depuraci\u00f3 de m\u00e9s de 15.800 funcionaris del Govern catal\u00e0, s&#8217;aplic\u00e0 la censura als diaris de la ciutat, es canviaren els noms de carrers i es retiraren les escultures amb un significat pol\u00edtic o catalanista, etc.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>El r\u00e8gim especial d&#8217;ocupaci\u00f3, finalitz\u00e0 formalment l&#8217;1 d&#8217;agost del 1939, quan ja havia pres possessi\u00f3 el nou ajuntament de la ciutat amb Miquel Mateu i Pla coma alcalde; s&#8217;havia instaurat la Diputaci\u00f3 Provincial de Barcelona i s&#8217;havia creat la Capitania General de la IV Regi\u00f3 Militar corresponent a l&#8217;\u00e0rea de Catalunya.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|tablet\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>During the Civil War, the Palau Robert, a neoclassical building dating to 1903, housed the Catalan Government\u0092s Culture Ministry. Later, after the entry into the city of Franco\u0092s troops, the building was requisitioned and converted into the Headquarters of Occupation Services, centre of operations for Francoist repression.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On 26 January 1939, the rebel army occupied Barcelona, and Franco subjected the city to a special regime of occupation. The goal was to organise the repression against the so-called \u0093red-separatists\u0094 and to establish order amongst the victors in order to prevent in-fighting. General Eliseo \u00c1lvarez Arenas was appointed head of the Occupation Services, which controlled the Civil Government, the Military Government and Barcelona City Council. Indeed, hierarchically, Occupation Services was above all other services, including health care, the press, propaganda and even the bank.<\/p>\n<p>Under the so-called special regime of occupation, Barcelona was kept in a state of war and the new authorities exercised iron control over all activities. Materials of all kinds (particularly vehicles and food) were requisitioned, more than 15,800 Catalan Government functionaries were purged, the city\u0092s newspapers were censored, street names were changed, sculptures with any political or Catalan nationalist connotations were removed, etc. The special regime of occupation officially ended on 1 August 1939, when the new City Council, under Mayor Miquel Mateu i Pla had taken up office, Barcelona Provincial Council had been established and the General Headquarters of the IV Military Region, corresponding to the area of Catalonia, had been set up.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#e08f1a\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: FRANCOISM<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb6887,6886,6888,6889&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; 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_builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#e3').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.eb3').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#e3\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.eb3').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbeb3&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#e08f1a\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #e08f1a;\">3. <\/span>Basque Government Headquarters<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbe3&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text content_tablet=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22><strong>A partir del mes d&#8217;octubre del 1937, el Govern basc, a causa de la caiguda del seu territori en mans dels franquistes, es va instal\u00b7lar en aquest edifici del passeig de Gr\u00e0cia de Barcelona. Des d&#8217;aqu\u00ed va fer una tasca important per organitzar l&#8217;acolliment de refugiats bascos que arribaren a Catalunya durant el transcurs de la Guerra Civil.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>Pocs mesos despr\u00e9s de l&#8217;inici de la Guerra Civil, el novembre del 1936, es va instal\u00b7lar una delegaci\u00f3 del Govern basc a Barcelona, primer al carrer de Val\u00e8ncia i dos mesos despr\u00e9s, en aquest mateix edifici del passeig de Gr\u00e0cia. Des de l&#8217;inici de la guerra, a Catalunya havien arribat refugiats bascos, per\u00f2 l&#8217;exili m\u00e9s multitudinari s&#8217;inici\u00e0 el 23 d&#8217;agost del 1937, quan es va donar per finalitzada la campanya franquista a la zona central del nord de la Pen\u00ednsula.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>En aquest context, el mes d&#8217;octubre del 1937 es va aprovar el trasllat del Govern basc en ple, presidit per Jos\u00e9 Antonio Aguirre, que arrib\u00e0 a la capital catalana el mes seg\u00fcent. Des del seu nou empla\u00e7ament, el Govern basc va potenciar diversos departaments, entre ells el d&#8217;Assist\u00e8ncia Social, a trav\u00e9s del qual s&#8217;establiren espais per allotjar els refugiats bascos a Catalunya, s&#8217;obriren hospitals per atendre&#8217;ls i es gestion\u00e0 el repartiment d&#8217;aliments entre aquests. Des del departament de Treball van administrar diversos tallers, sobretot dedicats a la ind\u00fastria de guerra i regentats majorit\u00e0riament per dones. Tamb\u00e9 es va promocionar la cultura basca amb revistes i publicacions pr\u00f2pies. Fins i tot s&#8217;establ\u00ed una capella al Palau Mald\u00e0 del carrer del Pi perqu\u00e8 els bascos, molt devots de la fe cat\u00f2lica, puguessin celebrar missa en una Barcelona on la religi\u00f3 havia quedat marginada de la vida p\u00fablica.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>Amb l&#8217;ocupaci\u00f3 de Barcelona per part de les tropes franquistes, el president Aguirre va creuar la frontera francesa juntament amb el president de Catalunya, Llu\u00eds Companys, el 5 de febrer del 1939. A partir d&#8217;aquest moment continuaria la superviv\u00e8ncia del Govern basc des de l&#8217;exili.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>\u00bb content_phone=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22><strong>A partir del mes d&#8217;octubre del 1937, el Govern basc, a causa de la caiguda del seu territori en mans dels franquistes, es va instal\u00b7lar en aquest edifici del passeig de Gr\u00e0cia de Barcelona. Des d&#8217;aqu\u00ed va fer una tasca important per organitzar l&#8217;acolliment de refugiats bascos que arribaren a Catalunya durant el transcurs de la Guerra Civil.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>Pocs mesos despr\u00e9s de l&#8217;inici de la Guerra Civil, el novembre del 1936, es va instal\u00b7lar una delegaci\u00f3 del Govern basc a Barcelona, primer al carrer de Val\u00e8ncia i dos mesos despr\u00e9s, en aquest mateix edifici del passeig de Gr\u00e0cia. Des de l&#8217;inici de la guerra, a Catalunya havien arribat refugiats bascos, per\u00f2 l&#8217;exili m\u00e9s multitudinari s&#8217;inici\u00e0 el 23 d&#8217;agost del 1937, quan es va donar per finalitzada la campanya franquista a la zona central del nord de la Pen\u00ednsula.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>En aquest context, el mes d&#8217;octubre del 1937 es va aprovar el trasllat del Govern basc en ple, presidit per Jos\u00e9 Antonio Aguirre, que arrib\u00e0 a la capital catalana el mes seg\u00fcent. Des del seu nou empla\u00e7ament, el Govern basc va potenciar diversos departaments, entre ells el d&#8217;Assist\u00e8ncia Social, a trav\u00e9s del qual s&#8217;establiren espais per allotjar els refugiats bascos a Catalunya, s&#8217;obriren hospitals per atendre&#8217;ls i es gestion\u00e0 el repartiment d&#8217;aliments entre aquests. Des del departament de Treball van administrar diversos tallers, sobretot dedicats a la ind\u00fastria de guerra i regentats majorit\u00e0riament per dones. Tamb\u00e9 es va promocionar la cultura basca amb revistes i publicacions pr\u00f2pies. Fins i tot s&#8217;establ\u00ed una capella al Palau Mald\u00e0 del carrer del Pi perqu\u00e8 els bascos, molt devots de la fe cat\u00f2lica, puguessin celebrar missa en una Barcelona on la religi\u00f3 havia quedat marginada de la vida p\u00fablica.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>Amb l&#8217;ocupaci\u00f3 de Barcelona per part de les tropes franquistes, el president Aguirre va creuar la frontera francesa juntament amb el president de Catalunya, Llu\u00eds Companys, el 5 de febrer del 1939. A partir d&#8217;aquest moment continuaria la superviv\u00e8ncia del Govern basc des de l&#8217;exili.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|tablet\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>In October 1937, after the Basque Country had fallen into Francoist hands, the Basque Government took over this building in Barcelona\u0092s Passeig de Gr\u00e0cia. This provided the base for important work receiving Basque refugees who arrived in Catalonia during Civil War.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A few months after the start of the Civil War, in November 1936, a Basque Government delegation took up office in Barcelona, firstly in Carrer de Val\u00e8ncia and, two months later, in this building in Passeig de Gr\u00e0cia. Basque refugees had been arriving in Catalonia since the outbreak of the war, but the biggest exodus began on 23 August 1937, when Franco\u0092s campaign in the central northern part of the Peninsula ended.<\/p>\n<p>Soon after, in October 1937, the transfer of the entire Basque Government, led by President Jos\u00e9 Antonio Aguirre, was approved, and the Basque authorities arrived in the Catalan capital the following month. From its new site, the Basque Government centred particularly on the work of such departments as Social Assistance, which provided accommodation for Basque refugees in Catalonia, opened hospitals to attend to them and managed food distribution. Moreover, the Department of Labour organised workshops, which focused, particularly, on war industry and were run, in the main, by women. Basque culture was also promoted through magazines and Basque Government publications. A chapel was even established in the Palau Mald\u00e0 in Carrer del Pi to enable the Basque refugees, many of them devout Catholics, to take Mass in a Barcelona where religion had been excluded from public life.<\/p>\n<p>On 5 February 1939, as Franco\u0092s troops occupied Barcelona, President Aguirre crossed the French border with the President de Catalonia, Llu\u00eds Companys. From then on, the Basque Government continued to exist in exile.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#e08f1a\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb6898,6899,6900,6901&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.3&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; 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custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb0px||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb collapsed=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{%22gcid-e1ffd448-5be5-4496-9ea6-934862244b17%22:%91%22background_color%22%93}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00bboff\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_close=\u00bbon\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00bbon\u00bb da_is_singular=\u00bboff\u00bb da_with_loader=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_shadow=\u00bbon\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#e4').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.eb4').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#e4\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.eb4').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbeb4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#e08f1a\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #e08f1a;\">4.<\/span> Bar Funicular<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbe4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text content_tablet=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22><strong>L\u0092any 1973, el bar Funicular i el vest\u00edbul de l\u0092edifici del carrer de Girona 70 van ser l\u0092escenari de l\u0092enfrontament entre policies i militants del Movimiento Ib\u00e9rico de Liberaci\u00f3n (MIL), amb el resultat d\u0092un policia mort. Salvador Puig Antich, membre de la banda revolucion\u00e0ria, fou detingut i acab\u00e0 condemnat a mort.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>El Movimiento Ib\u00e9rico de Liberaci\u00f3n (MIL) era un grup revolucionari creat el 1972, basant-se en els ideals anarquistes i marxistes, com a oposici\u00f3 al r\u00e8gim franquista. Defensava l&#8217;\u00fas de la viol\u00e8ncia i realitzava atracaments a bancs per finan\u00e7ar el seu aparell de propaganda i comprar armes. Les accions del grup van tenir \u00e8xit fins que la policia va identificar, despr\u00e9s d&#8217;un tiroteig en l&#8217;atracament a un banc, la matr\u00edcula del vehicle amb que van fugir del lloc dels fets els membres de la banda.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>El setge al voltant del MIL va comen\u00e7ar a estr\u00e8nyer-se a partir d&#8217;aquest moment. La policia va detenir Santi Soler quan era a punt de fugir a Fran\u00e7a. El jove, sota amenaces i tortures, va confessar que l&#8217;endem\u00e0 tenia una cita amb companys de la banda al bar Funicular. Al dia seg\u00fcent, 25 de setembre del 1973, Santi Soler, assegut a la barra del bar i rodejat de policies de pais\u00e0, havia de rebre Xavier Garriga i Salvador Puig Antich. A la mateixa porta del bar, la policia es va llen\u00e7ar sobre els anarquistes quan es disposaven a entrar-hi. Xavier Garriga no va oposar resist\u00e8ncia, per\u00f2 Puig Antich s&#8217;hi va enfrontar. La policia, per evitar un esc\u00e0ndol, els va dur fins a la porteria d&#8217;un edifici proper, al carrer de Girona n\u00famero 70, on hi va haver una baralla i un tiroteig que va provocar la mort de l&#8217;inspector Francisco Anguas.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>Puig Antich, malferit, fou detingut i traslladat a la pres\u00f3 Model. Se li va aplicar un Consell de Guerra amb una instrucci\u00f3 plena d&#8217;irregularitats, com les diferents versions del nombre de casquets de bales trobats al portal; l&#8217;afirmaci\u00f3, per part de la policia, que durant la baralla nom\u00e9s es va disparar la pistola de Puig; i per finalitzar, l&#8217;aut\u00f2psia de l&#8217;inspector Anguas es va realitzar a la comissaria de la Via Laietana impedint saber si veritablement la bala que l&#8217;havia mort havia sortit de la pistola de Puig Antich. El Consell de Guerra, malgrat totes les gestions del seu advocat i la campanya c\u00edvica que hi va haver per evitar la condemna m\u00e9s dura possible, va determinar la mort per garrot vil de Puig Antich el 2 de mar\u00e7 del 1974.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>\u00bb content_phone=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22><strong>L\u0092any 1973, el bar Funicular i el vest\u00edbul de l\u0092edifici del carrer de Girona 70 van ser l\u0092escenari de l\u0092enfrontament entre policies i militants del Movimiento Ib\u00e9rico de Liberaci\u00f3n (MIL), amb el resultat d\u0092un policia mort. Salvador Puig Antich, membre de la banda revolucion\u00e0ria, fou detingut i acab\u00e0 condemnat a mort.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>El Movimiento Ib\u00e9rico de Liberaci\u00f3n (MIL) era un grup revolucionari creat el 1972, basant-se en els ideals anarquistes i marxistes, com a oposici\u00f3 al r\u00e8gim franquista. Defensava l&#8217;\u00fas de la viol\u00e8ncia i realitzava atracaments a bancs per finan\u00e7ar el seu aparell de propaganda i comprar armes. Les accions del grup van tenir \u00e8xit fins que la policia va identificar, despr\u00e9s d&#8217;un tiroteig en l&#8217;atracament a un banc, la matr\u00edcula del vehicle amb que van fugir del lloc dels fets els membres de la banda.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>El setge al voltant del MIL va comen\u00e7ar a estr\u00e8nyer-se a partir d&#8217;aquest moment. La policia va detenir Santi Soler quan era a punt de fugir a Fran\u00e7a. El jove, sota amenaces i tortures, va confessar que l&#8217;endem\u00e0 tenia una cita amb companys de la banda al bar Funicular. Al dia seg\u00fcent, 25 de setembre del 1973, Santi Soler, assegut a la barra del bar i rodejat de policies de pais\u00e0, havia de rebre Xavier Garriga i Salvador Puig Antich. A la mateixa porta del bar, la policia es va llen\u00e7ar sobre els anarquistes quan es disposaven a entrar-hi. Xavier Garriga no va oposar resist\u00e8ncia, per\u00f2 Puig Antich s&#8217;hi va enfrontar. La policia, per evitar un esc\u00e0ndol, els va dur fins a la porteria d&#8217;un edifici proper, al carrer de Girona n\u00famero 70, on hi va haver una baralla i un tiroteig que va provocar la mort de l&#8217;inspector Francisco Anguas.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>Puig Antich, malferit, fou detingut i traslladat a la pres\u00f3 Model. Se li va aplicar un Consell de Guerra amb una instrucci\u00f3 plena d&#8217;irregularitats, com les diferents versions del nombre de casquets de bales trobats al portal; l&#8217;afirmaci\u00f3, per part de la policia, que durant la baralla nom\u00e9s es va disparar la pistola de Puig; i per finalitzar, l&#8217;aut\u00f2psia de l&#8217;inspector Anguas es va realitzar a la comissaria de la Via Laietana impedint saber si veritablement la bala que l&#8217;havia mort havia sortit de la pistola de Puig Antich. El Consell de Guerra, malgrat totes les gestions del seu advocat i la campanya c\u00edvica que hi va haver per evitar la condemna m\u00e9s dura possible, va determinar la mort per garrot vil de Puig Antich el 2 de mar\u00e7 del 1974.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|tablet\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>In 1973, the Bar Funicular and the lobby of the building at 70, Carrer de Girona 70 were the scene of confrontation between the police and militants from the Iberian Liberation Movement (MIL). A policeman was killed, and Salvador Puig Antich, a member of the revolutionary band, was arrested and condemned to death.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Iberian Liberation Movement (MIL) was a revolutionary group set up in 1972, their philosophy based on anarchist and Marxist ideals, to oppose the Franco regime. They defended the use of violence and robbed banks to fund their propaganda activities and purchase weapons. The group\u0092s actions were successful until, following a shoot-out during a bank robbery, the police identified the number plate of their getaway vehicle.<\/p>\n<p>From that moment, the noose began to tighten around the MIL. The police arrested Santi Soler just as he was planning to escape to France. Tortured and threatened, the young confessed that he was due to meet fellow group members Xavier Garriga and Salvador Puig Antich at the Bar Funicular the next day, 25 September 1973. That day, Santi Soler took his seat at the bar, surrounded by plain-clothed police. As the anarchists came through the door, they were set upon. Xavier Garriga did not resist arrest, Puig Antich fought back. To prevent scandal, the police dragged them into the entrance to a nearby building, at number 70, Carrer de Girona, where there was a scuffle and a weapon was fired, causing the death of Inspector Francisco Anguas.<\/p>\n<p>Badly wounded, Puig Antich was arrested and taken to the Model Prison. He was tried by court martial in a trial full of irregularities. These included different versions of the number of bullet casings found at the scene; the police insistence that only Puig Antich\u0092s gun was fired; finally, the autopsy on Inspector Anguas was carried out at police headquarters in Via Laietana, making it impossible to ascertain whether the bullet that had killed him had really come from the anarchist\u0092s gun. Despite all the efforts of Puig Antich\u0092s lawyer and the civil campaign to avoid the passing of the death penalty, the military tribunal sentenced the young man to death by the garrote on 2 March 1974.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#e08f1a\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: FRANCOISM<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb6903,6904,6905,6906&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; 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_builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#e08f1a\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #e08f1a;\">5.<\/span> Monument to Rafael de Casanova<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbe5&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text content_tablet=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22><strong>L&#8217;Onze de Setembre de 1977 es va celebrar la manifestaci\u00f3 m\u00e9s multitudin\u00e0ria que mai havia tingut lloc a Catalunya. Els manifestants es van dirigir fins als peus d&#8217;aquest monument en homenatge a Rafael Casanova, 38 anys despr\u00e9s de ser retirat per les autoritats franquistes.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>L&#8217;est\u00e0tua de Rafael de Casanova, heroi de la defensa de Barcelona durant el setge borb\u00f2nic del 1714, \u00e9s obra de Rossend Nobas, que la va esculpir en motiu de l&#8217;Exposici\u00f3 Universal de Barcelona de l&#8217;any 1888. Originalment, l&#8217;escultura estava situada a l&#8217;actual passeig de Llu\u00eds Companys, que era la principal via d&#8217;entrada al recinte de l&#8217;Exposici\u00f3 al parc de la Ciutadella, i no fou traslladada fins al 1914 a l&#8217;empla\u00e7ament actual, on es creu que Casanova va caure ferit. L&#8217;est\u00e0tua va esdevenir a partir del 1897 lloc de reuni\u00f3 dels ciutadans que cada 11 de setembre -data de la caiguda de Barcelona davant les tropes borb\u00f2niques- volien fer evident el seu sentiment nacionalista catal\u00e0 amb una ofrena floral.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>A la fi de la Guerra Civil espanyola (1936-1939), les autoritats franquistes que havien ocupat la ciutat van retirar l&#8217;est\u00e0tua el 12 d&#8217;abril del 1939 per recloure-la en un magatzem. Malgrat que el nou r\u00e8gim va prohibir qualsevol manifestaci\u00f3 catalanista al lloc del monument, les ofrenes florals i l&#8217;exhibici\u00f3 de senyeres van continuar presents cada 11 de setembre durant tota la dictadura, no sense fortes repres\u00e0lies. Anys m\u00e9s tard, amb la mort del dictador el 1975 i l&#8217;inici de la transici\u00f3 democr\u00e0tica, la societat i els partits pol\u00edtics reclamaren la recuperaci\u00f3 dels s\u00edmbols de la cultura catalana i al desembre del 1976 es va donar llum verda a la recuperaci\u00f3 dels monuments retirats durant la dictadura. El 27 de maig del 1977 es col\u00b7locava l&#8217;est\u00e0tua de Rafael Casanova al seu pedestal.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>Aquell 11 de setembre del 1977 tingu\u00e9 lloc la manifestaci\u00f3 m\u00e9s multitudin\u00e0ria que mai s&#8217;havia viscut a Catalunya al llarg del passeig de Gr\u00e0cia. Es parl\u00e0 d&#8217;un mili\u00f3 de persones, tot i que la valoraci\u00f3 m\u00e9s acurada aposta per una xifra de 750.000 assistents. La cap\u00e7alera de la manifestaci\u00f3, formada per representants de les forces pol\u00edtiques del pa\u00eds, va arribar fins al monument on es van dipositar diverses ofrenes florals. Malgrat que va ser de car\u00e0cter pac\u00edfic, la manifestaci\u00f3 va acabar amb la mort del jove Carlos Gustavo Frecher per l&#8217;impacte al cap d&#8217;una bala de goma disparada per la policia, un cos que durant la Transici\u00f3 actu\u00e0 violentament contra els manifestants que reclamaven les llibertats pr\u00f2pies d&#8217;una democr\u00e0cia.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>El 1980, despr\u00e9s de les primeres eleccions democr\u00e0tiques al Parlament de Catalunya, l&#8217;Onze de Setembre fou declarat Diada Nacional de Catalunya.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>\u00bb content_phone=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22><strong>L&#8217;Onze de Setembre de 1977 es va celebrar la manifestaci\u00f3 m\u00e9s multitudin\u00e0ria que mai havia tingut lloc a Catalunya. Els manifestants es van dirigir fins als peus d&#8217;aquest monument en homenatge a Rafael Casanova, 38 anys despr\u00e9s de ser retirat per les autoritats franquistes.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>L&#8217;est\u00e0tua de Rafael de Casanova, heroi de la defensa de Barcelona durant el setge borb\u00f2nic del 1714, \u00e9s obra de Rossend Nobas, que la va esculpir en motiu de l&#8217;Exposici\u00f3 Universal de Barcelona de l&#8217;any 1888. Originalment, l&#8217;escultura estava situada a l&#8217;actual passeig de Llu\u00eds Companys, que era la principal via d&#8217;entrada al recinte de l&#8217;Exposici\u00f3 al parc de la Ciutadella, i no fou traslladada fins al 1914 a l&#8217;empla\u00e7ament actual, on es creu que Casanova va caure ferit. L&#8217;est\u00e0tua va esdevenir a partir del 1897 lloc de reuni\u00f3 dels ciutadans que cada 11 de setembre -data de la caiguda de Barcelona davant les tropes borb\u00f2niques- volien fer evident el seu sentiment nacionalista catal\u00e0 amb una ofrena floral.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>A la fi de la Guerra Civil espanyola (1936-1939), les autoritats franquistes que havien ocupat la ciutat van retirar l&#8217;est\u00e0tua el 12 d&#8217;abril del 1939 per recloure-la en un magatzem. Malgrat que el nou r\u00e8gim va prohibir qualsevol manifestaci\u00f3 catalanista al lloc del monument, les ofrenes florals i l&#8217;exhibici\u00f3 de senyeres van continuar presents cada 11 de setembre durant tota la dictadura, no sense fortes repres\u00e0lies. Anys m\u00e9s tard, amb la mort del dictador el 1975 i l&#8217;inici de la transici\u00f3 democr\u00e0tica, la societat i els partits pol\u00edtics reclamaren la recuperaci\u00f3 dels s\u00edmbols de la cultura catalana i al desembre del 1976 es va donar llum verda a la recuperaci\u00f3 dels monuments retirats durant la dictadura. El 27 de maig del 1977 es col\u00b7locava l&#8217;est\u00e0tua de Rafael Casanova al seu pedestal.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>Aquell 11 de setembre del 1977 tingu\u00e9 lloc la manifestaci\u00f3 m\u00e9s multitudin\u00e0ria que mai s&#8217;havia viscut a Catalunya al llarg del passeig de Gr\u00e0cia. Es parl\u00e0 d&#8217;un mili\u00f3 de persones, tot i que la valoraci\u00f3 m\u00e9s acurada aposta per una xifra de 750.000 assistents. La cap\u00e7alera de la manifestaci\u00f3, formada per representants de les forces pol\u00edtiques del pa\u00eds, va arribar fins al monument on es van dipositar diverses ofrenes florals. Malgrat que va ser de car\u00e0cter pac\u00edfic, la manifestaci\u00f3 va acabar amb la mort del jove Carlos Gustavo Frecher per l&#8217;impacte al cap d&#8217;una bala de goma disparada per la policia, un cos que durant la Transici\u00f3 actu\u00e0 violentament contra els manifestants que reclamaven les llibertats pr\u00f2pies d&#8217;una democr\u00e0cia.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>El 1980, despr\u00e9s de les primeres eleccions democr\u00e0tiques al Parlament de Catalunya, l&#8217;Onze de Setembre fou declarat Diada Nacional de Catalunya.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|tablet\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>In 1977, Catalonia\u0092s national day, September 11, was celebrated by the largest demonstration that had ever taken place in the country. The demonstrators marched to the site of this monument to pay tribute to Rafael Casanova, 38 years after the statue had been removed by the Francoist authorities.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The statue of Rafael de Casanova, hero of the defence of Barcelona during the Bourbon siege in 1714, is by Rossend Nobas, who carved it on the occasion of the 1888 Universal Exposition in Barcelona. Originally, the sculpture stood in what is now Passeig de Llu\u00eds Companys, the main entrance to the Expo site in the Ciutadella Park, and was not transferred to its present site, where Casanova is thought to have fallen wounded, until 1914. Since 1897, the statue has been a meeting point each September 11, the date when Barcelona finally fell to the Bourbon army, for people manifesting their nationalist feelings by making floral offerings to memory of the Catalan hero.<\/p>\n<p>On 12 April 1939, following the end of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), the Francoist authorities that had occupied the city removed the statue and placed it in storage. Although the new regime banned all Catalan nationalist demonstrations at the monument, floral offerings and Catalan flags continued to appear at the site each September 11, though not without brutal reprisals. Years later, on the death of the dictator in 1975 and the start of the Democratic Transition, society and political parties called for the restoration of Catalan cultural symbols. Finally, in December 1976, approval was given for the recovery of monuments removed during the dictatorship. The statue of Rafael Casanova was installed on its pedestal once more on 27 May 1977.<\/p>\n<p>September 11 that year, 1977, saw the largest demonstration that had ever taken place in Catalonia, occupying the whole of Passeig de Gr\u00e0cia. The figure of one million people is mentioned, though a more accurate estimate would place the number at 750,000. On reaching the monument, those at the head of the march, formed by representatives from Catalan political forces, placed floral offerings at the pedestal. Though this was a peaceful march, it ended with the death of a young man, Carlos Gustavo Frecher, killed by a rubber bullet fired by the police, which reacted violently against demonstrators for democratic freedoms on several occasions during the Transition.<\/p>\n<p>In 1980, after the first democratic elections to the Parliament of Catalonia, September 11, known here as <em>L\u0092Onze de Setembre<\/em>, was declared Catalan National Day.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#e08f1a\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: FRANCOISM, TRANSITION<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb6908,6909,6910,6911&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; module_class=\u00bbeb4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.3&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; 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header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#e08f1a\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #e08f1a;\">6.<\/span> Hotel Ritz<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbe6&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text content_tablet=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22><strong>Despr\u00e9s de l&#8217;al\u00e7ament militar contra la Rep\u00fablica el 19 de juliol del 1936, a Barcelona s&#8217;impos\u00e0 un nou orde revolucionari que supos\u00e0, entre d&#8217;altres coses, la incautaci\u00f3 d&#8217;edificis com el de l&#8217;hotel Ritz (avui Palace Hotel) que va ser reconvertit en menjador popular i en hospital de guerra.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>L&#8217;edifici de l&#8217;hotel Ritz, un dels establiments de luxe m\u00e9s emblem\u00e0tics de Barcelona, va ser projectat per l&#8217;arquitecte Eduard Ferr\u00e9s i constru\u00eft el 1919. L&#8217;estiu del 1936, amb la vict\u00f2ria de l&#8217;antifeixisme sobre l&#8217;al\u00e7ament militar a Barcelona, sorg\u00ed espont\u00e0niament un moviment revolucionari que provoc\u00e0 un canvi en les relacions de propietat. Les organitzacions pol\u00edtiques i sindicals, la intervenci\u00f3 de les quals havia estat decisiva per poder v\u00e8ncer l&#8217;al\u00e7ament militar, van confiscar diversos edificis, civils i religiosos, que van experimentar una reconversi\u00f3 dels seus usos. Aquestes entitats van instal\u00b7lar les seves seus en locals c\u00e8ntrics i espaiosos, i van adaptar edificis i establiments privats, molts d&#8217;ells emblem\u00e0tics per les classes benestants, per acollir serveis destinats a la comunitat.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>Un exemple el trobem en l&#8217;hotel Ritz (avui Palace Hotel) que, sota la gesti\u00f3 dels sindicats Confederaci\u00f3 Nacional del Treball (CNT) i de la Uni\u00f3 General de Treballadors (UGT), es va convertir en un menjador popular, anomenat Gastron\u00f2mic n\u00ba 1, i en un hospital de guerra. Com a menjador popular, distribu\u00efa \u00e0pats gratu\u00eftament entre la poblaci\u00f3 encara que, degut a la massiva aflu\u00e8ncia de gent, les racions eren minses. Com a hospital, va atendre principalment persones ferides a causa dels bombardeigs aeris que va patir la ciutat i tamb\u00e9 alguns combatents ferits al front. L&#8217;any 1938, per\u00f2, el Ritz va recuperar la seva funci\u00f3 original i va allotjar, entre d&#8217;altres, molts dels mandataris del Govern de la Rep\u00fablica instal\u00b7lats a Barcelona.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>\u00bb content_phone=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22><strong>Despr\u00e9s de l&#8217;al\u00e7ament militar contra la Rep\u00fablica el 19 de juliol del 1936, a Barcelona s&#8217;impos\u00e0 un nou orde revolucionari que supos\u00e0, entre d&#8217;altres coses, la incautaci\u00f3 d&#8217;edificis com el de l&#8217;hotel Ritz (avui Palace Hotel) que va ser reconvertit en menjador popular i en hospital de guerra.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>L&#8217;edifici de l&#8217;hotel Ritz, un dels establiments de luxe m\u00e9s emblem\u00e0tics de Barcelona, va ser projectat per l&#8217;arquitecte Eduard Ferr\u00e9s i constru\u00eft el 1919. L&#8217;estiu del 1936, amb la vict\u00f2ria de l&#8217;antifeixisme sobre l&#8217;al\u00e7ament militar a Barcelona, sorg\u00ed espont\u00e0niament un moviment revolucionari que provoc\u00e0 un canvi en les relacions de propietat. Les organitzacions pol\u00edtiques i sindicals, la intervenci\u00f3 de les quals havia estat decisiva per poder v\u00e8ncer l&#8217;al\u00e7ament militar, van confiscar diversos edificis, civils i religiosos, que van experimentar una reconversi\u00f3 dels seus usos. Aquestes entitats van instal\u00b7lar les seves seus en locals c\u00e8ntrics i espaiosos, i van adaptar edificis i establiments privats, molts d&#8217;ells emblem\u00e0tics per les classes benestants, per acollir serveis destinats a la comunitat.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>Un exemple el trobem en l&#8217;hotel Ritz (avui Palace Hotel) que, sota la gesti\u00f3 dels sindicats Confederaci\u00f3 Nacional del Treball (CNT) i de la Uni\u00f3 General de Treballadors (UGT), es va convertir en un menjador popular, anomenat Gastron\u00f2mic n\u00ba 1, i en un hospital de guerra. Com a menjador popular, distribu\u00efa \u00e0pats gratu\u00eftament entre la poblaci\u00f3 encara que, degut a la massiva aflu\u00e8ncia de gent, les racions eren minses. Com a hospital, va atendre principalment persones ferides a causa dels bombardeigs aeris que va patir la ciutat i tamb\u00e9 alguns combatents ferits al front. L&#8217;any 1938, per\u00f2, el Ritz va recuperar la seva funci\u00f3 original i va allotjar, entre d&#8217;altres, molts dels mandataris del Govern de la Rep\u00fablica instal\u00b7lats a Barcelona.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|tablet\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>After the military uprising against the Republic on 19 July 1936, a new revolutionary order was imposed in Barcelona. This entailed, amongst other things, the requisition of such buildings as the Hotel Ritz (now Palace Hotel), which was converted into a soup kitchen and war hospital.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Hotel Ritz, one of Barcelona\u0092s most outstanding luxury establishments, was designed by the architect Eduard Ferr\u00e9s and built in 1919. In the summer of 1936, following the victory of anti-fascist forces over the military rebellion in Barcelona, a revolutionary movement emerged spontaneously in the city, leading to a change in property rights. Political and union organisations, whose intervention had been crucial in quashing the military uprising, requisitioned several buildings, both civil and religious, converting them to their own purposes. These organisations set up their headquarters in large, central premises, adapting private buildings and establishments, many of them dear to the hearts of the wealthier classes, in order to provide services to the community.<\/p>\n<p>An example of this is the Hotel Ritz (today the Palace Hotel). Taken over by two unions, the National Confederation of Labour (CNT) and the General Union of Workers (UGT), the site was converted into a soup kitchen, Gastron\u00f2mic no. 1, and a war hospital. The soup kitchen distributed free meals though, due to the many hungry mouths to be fed, rations were very low. As a hospital, the site attended, in the main, to people injured in the air raid bombings that the city suffered, as well as those wounded at the front. In 1938, however, the Ritz was restored to its original function and provided accommodation for, amongst others, many Republican Government officials installed in Barcelona.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#e08f1a\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb6920,6921,6922,6923&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; 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custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb0px||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb collapsed=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{%22gcid-e1ffd448-5be5-4496-9ea6-934862244b17%22:%91%22background_color%22%93}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00bboff\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_close=\u00bbon\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00bbon\u00bb da_is_singular=\u00bboff\u00bb da_with_loader=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_shadow=\u00bbon\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.3&#8243; background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#e7').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.eb7').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#e7\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.eb7').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbeb7&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#e08f1a\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #e08f1a;\">7. <\/span>Monument to the victims of Civil War bombing<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbe7&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text content_tablet=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22><strong>%22Encaix%22 \u00e9s el nom que rep el monument a les v\u00edctimes dels bombardeigs de la Guerra Civil, aixecat en el mateix empla\u00e7ament on el 17 de mar\u00e7 del 1938 una bomba va impactar en un cami\u00f3 carregat de material explosiu causant un elevat nombre de morts i convertint-se aix\u00ed en un dels atacs aeris m\u00e9s greus que va patir la ciutat.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>Dels 194 bombardeigs que pat\u00ed la ciutat de Barcelona durant la Guerra Civil espanyola, els dels dies 16, 17 i 18 de mar\u00e7 del 1938 van ser els m\u00e9s intensos i els que van causar m\u00e9s danys. L&#8217;atac va ser ordenat directament pel dictador itali\u00e0 Benito Mussolini, qui, amb la seva aviaci\u00f3, va donar suport a Franco al llarg de tota la guerra. L&#8217;objectiu era causar el m\u00e0xim grau de morts i destrucci\u00f3 possibles i atemorir i desmoralitzar la poblaci\u00f3 a la rereguarda.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>El 17 de mar\u00e7 del 1938, a la cru\u00eflla del carrer de Balmes amb la Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, lloc on trobem el monument %22Encaix%22, una bomba va impactar sobre un cami\u00f3 que transportava prop de quatre tones de material explosiu (trilita). L&#8217;explosi\u00f3 de l&#8217;impacte va ser d&#8217;unes dimensions inusitades causant una gran destrucci\u00f3 i la mort dels 23 soldats i del capit\u00e0 que viatjaven dins del cami\u00f3 i la d&#8217;altres persones que es trobaven als voltants, aix\u00ed com greus destrosses als edificis adjacents. Al dia seg\u00fcent, diaris d&#8217;arreu del m\u00f3n van publicar la not\u00edcia i especulaven amb la idea que fos una nova bomba amb un gran poder de destrucci\u00f3 la que havia provocat la gran explosi\u00f3 i l&#8217;enorme columna de fum.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>Dies despr\u00e9s, el 26 de mar\u00e7, la Generalitat de Catalunya va fer p\u00fabliques les dades de v\u00edctimes d&#8217;aquells 3 dies d&#8217;atacs consecutius: un total de 875 morts i m\u00e9s de 1.500 ferits. Tamb\u00e9 es van comptabilitzar 48 edificis totalment destru\u00efts i 75 de parcialment afectats. Els bombers van efectuar 69 sortides i, durant les setmanes seg\u00fcents, van continuar treballant de manera constant per desenrunar els carrers de la ciutat.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>El 29 d&#8217;abril del 2003 es va inaugurar, en aquest lloc emblem\u00e0tic davant del teatre i cinema Coliseum, el monument a les v\u00edctimes dels bombardeigs de la Guerra Civil, obra de Margarita Andreu. L&#8217;estructura, de 10 metres d&#8217;al\u00e7ada, \u00e9s d&#8217;acer inoxidable i est\u00e0 formada per quatre barres rectes i quatre d&#8217;inclinades que recorden un edifici que cau desequilibrat per les bombes, alhora que simbolitza tamb\u00e9 una societat desencaixada per la guerra. L&#8217;autora, per\u00f2, vol donar una idea d&#8217;esperan\u00e7a que tot all\u00f2 que es trenca, amb el temps, es torna a unir. Un dels impulsors del monument, l&#8217;historiador Josep Benet, en defensava la seva construcci\u00f3 des del 1988, la seva intenci\u00f3 era gravar-hi les paraules de Winston Churchill, qui durant els atacs de l&#8217;aviaci\u00f3 nazi sobre la Gran Bretanya va dir: %22No vull subvalorar la severitat del c\u00e0stig que cau sobre vosaltres, per\u00f2 confio que els nostres conciutadans seran capa\u00e7os de resistir com ho va fer el valent poble de Barcelona%22.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>\u00bb content_phone=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22><strong>%22Encaix%22 \u00e9s el nom que rep el monument a les v\u00edctimes dels bombardeigs de la Guerra Civil, aixecat en el mateix empla\u00e7ament on el 17 de mar\u00e7 del 1938 una bomba va impactar en un cami\u00f3 carregat de material explosiu causant un elevat nombre de morts i convertint-se aix\u00ed en un dels atacs aeris m\u00e9s greus que va patir la ciutat.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>Dels 194 bombardeigs que pat\u00ed la ciutat de Barcelona durant la Guerra Civil espanyola, els dels dies 16, 17 i 18 de mar\u00e7 del 1938 van ser els m\u00e9s intensos i els que van causar m\u00e9s danys. L&#8217;atac va ser ordenat directament pel dictador itali\u00e0 Benito Mussolini, qui, amb la seva aviaci\u00f3, va donar suport a Franco al llarg de tota la guerra. L&#8217;objectiu era causar el m\u00e0xim grau de morts i destrucci\u00f3 possibles i atemorir i desmoralitzar la poblaci\u00f3 a la rereguarda.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>El 17 de mar\u00e7 del 1938, a la cru\u00eflla del carrer de Balmes amb la Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, lloc on trobem el monument %22Encaix%22, una bomba va impactar sobre un cami\u00f3 que transportava prop de quatre tones de material explosiu (trilita). L&#8217;explosi\u00f3 de l&#8217;impacte va ser d&#8217;unes dimensions inusitades causant una gran destrucci\u00f3 i la mort dels 23 soldats i del capit\u00e0 que viatjaven dins del cami\u00f3 i la d&#8217;altres persones que es trobaven als voltants, aix\u00ed com greus destrosses als edificis adjacents. Al dia seg\u00fcent, diaris d&#8217;arreu del m\u00f3n van publicar la not\u00edcia i especulaven amb la idea que fos una nova bomba amb un gran poder de destrucci\u00f3 la que havia provocat la gran explosi\u00f3 i l&#8217;enorme columna de fum.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>Dies despr\u00e9s, el 26 de mar\u00e7, la Generalitat de Catalunya va fer p\u00fabliques les dades de v\u00edctimes d&#8217;aquells 3 dies d&#8217;atacs consecutius: un total de 875 morts i m\u00e9s de 1.500 ferits. Tamb\u00e9 es van comptabilitzar 48 edificis totalment destru\u00efts i 75 de parcialment afectats. Els bombers van efectuar 69 sortides i, durant les setmanes seg\u00fcents, van continuar treballant de manera constant per desenrunar els carrers de la ciutat.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>El 29 d&#8217;abril del 2003 es va inaugurar, en aquest lloc emblem\u00e0tic davant del teatre i cinema Coliseum, el monument a les v\u00edctimes dels bombardeigs de la Guerra Civil, obra de Margarita Andreu. L&#8217;estructura, de 10 metres d&#8217;al\u00e7ada, \u00e9s d&#8217;acer inoxidable i est\u00e0 formada per quatre barres rectes i quatre d&#8217;inclinades que recorden un edifici que cau desequilibrat per les bombes, alhora que simbolitza tamb\u00e9 una societat desencaixada per la guerra. L&#8217;autora, per\u00f2, vol donar una idea d&#8217;esperan\u00e7a que tot all\u00f2 que es trenca, amb el temps, es torna a unir. Un dels impulsors del monument, l&#8217;historiador Josep Benet, en defensava la seva construcci\u00f3 des del 1988, la seva intenci\u00f3 era gravar-hi les paraules de Winston Churchill, qui durant els atacs de l&#8217;aviaci\u00f3 nazi sobre la Gran Bretanya va dir: %22No vull subvalorar la severitat del c\u00e0stig que cau sobre vosaltres, per\u00f2 confio que els nostres conciutadans seran capa\u00e7os de resistir com ho va fer el valent poble de Barcelona%22.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|tablet\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Encaix\u0094 (<em>Lace<\/em>) is the name given to the monument to the victims of Civil War bombings. It stands on the site where, on 17 March1938, a bomb hit a lorry loaded with explosive material, killing many and making that air raid one of those with the highest death tolls that the city suffered.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Of the 194 air raids that the city of Barcelona suffered in the Spanish Civil War, those that took place on 16, 17 and 18 March 1938 were the most intense and those that caused the most damage. The attack was ordered personally by the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini, whose aviation gave support to Franco throughout the war. The objective was to cause as many deaths and as much damage as possible, striking fear into the rearguard population and spreading demoralisation.<\/p>\n<p>On 17 March 1938, at the crossroads of Carrer de Balmes and Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, where the monument known as \u0093Encaix\u0094 now stands, a bomb hit a truck carrying nearly four tonnes of explosive material (TNT). The resulting explosion was unusually great, causing enormous damage and killing 23 soldiers and their captain, who were on board the truck, as well as many passers-by, and seriously affecting nearby buildings. The next day, newspapers around the world published the story, speculating with the idea that a new type of bomb with vast power of destruction had caused the enormous explosion and the column of smoke.<\/p>\n<p>Days later, on March 26, the Catalan Government published the number of victims from those three consecutive days of air raids: 875 dead and more than 1,500 injured. Moreover, 48 buildings were completely destroyed and 75 partially damaged. The bombers made 69 raids in those three days, and continued constantly over the following weeks in their work of reducing the city\u0092s streets to rubble.<\/p>\n<p>On 29 April 2003, at this emblematic site outside the Coliseum theatre and cinema, the monument to the victims of bombing during the Civil War, was unveiled. The work of Margarita Andreu, its structure, ten metres high, is made of stainless steel and is formed by four straight bars and four leaning struts, reminiscent of a building that has been damaged by bombs, as well as symbolising a society thrown off balance by the war. The artist, however, seeks to suggest the hope that, in time, everything that is broken can become joined once more. Amongst those who promoted the monument was historian Josep Benet, who had called for its construction since 1988. Benet wanted the piece to be engraved with the words of Winston Churchill during the Nazi air raids over Great Britain, when he said: \u0093I do not at all underrate the severity of the ordeal which lies before us; but I believe our countrymen will show themselves capable of standing up to it, like the brave men of Barcelona\u0094.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#e08f1a\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb6925,6926,6927,6928&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; 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header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#e08f1a\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #e08f1a;\">8. <\/span>Universitat Square<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbe8&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text content_tablet=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22><strong>Aquesta pla\u00e7a, un dels centres neur\u00e0lgics del centre urb\u00e0, ha estat escenari de diversos episodis hist\u00f2rics al llarg del segle XX. El juliol del 1936, quan es produ\u00ed l&#8217;aixecament militar en contra del govern republic\u00e0, hi tingueren lloc durs enfrontaments entre els soldats sollevats i les forces lleials a la Rep\u00fablica. Posteriorment, durant la dictadura franquista, la pla\u00e7a fou testimoni de manifestacions en contra del r\u00e8gim, com les del 1951 i el 1957 en protesta per l&#8217;augment del bitllet de tramvia. D&#8217;altra banda, l&#8217;edifici de la Universitat de Barcelona va viure diferents actes en contra del r\u00e8gim franquista protagonitzats pel combatiu moviment estudiantil sorgit a mitjans de la d\u00e8cada del 1950.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>El 19 de juliol del 1936, un esquadr\u00f3 de cavalleria provinent de la caserna del carrer de Tarragona va ocupar la pla\u00e7a de la Universitat sense resist\u00e8ncia. All\u00e0 havia d&#8217;enlla\u00e7ar amb un regiment d&#8217;infanteria de la caserna del Bruc de Pedralbes, que tenia per objectiu arribar a la pla\u00e7a de Catalunya. Aviat s&#8217;iniciaren els enfrontaments armats entre els militars rebels i les forces republicanes. Per sufocar la revolta calia recuperar tant la pla\u00e7a de Catalunya com la pla\u00e7a de la Universitat i les forces governamentals van optar per a\u00efllar ambd\u00f3s empla\u00e7aments, a fi que els facciosos no rebessin refor\u00e7os. A primera hora de la tarda, una unitat de la Gu\u00e0rdia Civil, que s&#8217;havia mantingut fidel a la Rep\u00fablica, va entrar a la pla\u00e7a pel carrer d&#8217;Aribau i, despr\u00e9s d&#8217;una hora de converses, va aconseguir que els militars es rendissin. L&#8217;al\u00e7ament militar fou sufocat a Barcelona i a d&#8217;altres ciutats de tot l&#8217;Estat, donant peu a l&#8217;inici de la Guerra Civil espanyola.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>Anys m\u00e9s tard, durant la dictadura del general Franco, aquest punt de la ciutat va ser escenari de protestes ciutadanes en contra del r\u00e8gim, moltes d&#8217;elles encap\u00e7alades per estudiants de la Universitat de Barcelona, que t\u00e9 la seva seu principal a la pla\u00e7a. La instauraci\u00f3 de la dictadura franquista va representar un per\u00edode de gran repressi\u00f3 a l&#8217;\u00e0mbit universitari amb la depuraci\u00f3 del professorat, l&#8217;eliminaci\u00f3 de l&#8217;autonomia universit\u00e0ria i el genocidi cap a la cultura i la llengua catalanes a la vida acad\u00e8mica. Per donar resposta a aquesta repressi\u00f3, el 9 de febrer del 1946 la secci\u00f3 universit\u00e0ria del Front Nacional de Catalunya \u0096organitzaci\u00f3 armada antifranquista- va col\u00b7locar un artefacte explosiu a la capella de l&#8217;edifici de la universitat coincidint amb l&#8217;acte per commemorar els estudiants franquistes morts durant la Guerra Civil. L&#8217;acci\u00f3 va continuar dies despr\u00e9s amb la col\u00b7locaci\u00f3 de cartutxos de dinamita als locals del Sindicato Espa\u00f1ol Universitario (SEU) que hi havia al mateix edifici. Com a repres\u00e0lia, diversos estudiants considerats catalanistes foren interrogats i maltractats sense proves de la culpabilitat.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>L&#8217;any 1951, els estudiants universitaris encap\u00e7alaren les multitudin\u00e0ries manifestacions en contra de l&#8217;augment del preu del bitllet de tramvia, que s&#8217;apuj\u00e0 un 40% a Barcelona mentre que a Madrid no va ser modificat. En una \u00e8poca de carestia i baixos salaris, es f\u00e9u una crida a la ciutadania per fer boicot al tramvia. El 25 de febrer es van produir enfrontaments entre la policia i els estudiants a la pla\u00e7a de la Universitat aix\u00ed com en d&#8217;altres centres universitaris com la facultat de Medicina i l&#8217;Escola Industrial. Despr\u00e9s de diversos dies consecutius de boicot, les autoritats abaixaren el preu del bitllet i la ciutadania vei\u00e9 com el r\u00e8gim claudicava davant de la seva pressi\u00f3 per primer cop.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>El mes de gener del 1957, un nou boicot contra els tramvies, per la mateixa ra\u00f3 que l&#8217;any 1951, provoc\u00e0 greus aldarulls a la pla\u00e7a que acabaren amb l&#8217;ocupaci\u00f3 de l&#8217;edifici de la universitat per part d&#8217;estudiants que cremaren els retrats de Franco i de Jos\u00e9 Antonio, i feren crits contra el r\u00e8gim. La policia va entrar a l&#8217;edifici a cavall per desallotjar-lo. Aquesta vegada, la participaci\u00f3 d&#8217;estudiants a les protestes fou encara m\u00e9s intensa, obrint una nova etapa en el moviment estudiantil, molt refor\u00e7at a partir del 1955 constituint-se com un dels sectors organitzats m\u00e9s combatents de l&#8217;antifranquisme.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>Ja a la d\u00e8cada del 1960, l&#8217;augment d&#8217;estudiants provoc\u00e0 que l&#8217;oposici\u00f3 antifranquista s&#8217;eixampl\u00e9s dins la universitat, establint complicitats amb la part m\u00e9s catalanista de l&#8217;Esgl\u00e9sia i amb altres sectors de la societat: intel\u00b7lectuals, moviment ve\u00efnal, etc. Aquesta nova onada antifranquista universit\u00e0ria culmin\u00e0 amb la creaci\u00f3 del Sindicat Democr\u00e0tic d&#8217;Estudiants de la Universitat de Barcelona (SDEUB) l&#8217;any 1966 al convent dels Caputxins de Sarri\u00e0. Durant els anys seg\u00fcents el moviment estudiantil esdevindria una de les principals preocupacions del r\u00e8gim, el qual endur\u00ed la repressi\u00f3 contra la milit\u00e0ncia dels universitaris.<\/p>\n<p class=%22blau%22 style=%22text-align: justify;%22>\u00bb content_phone=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22><strong>Aquesta pla\u00e7a, un dels centres neur\u00e0lgics del centre urb\u00e0, ha estat escenari de diversos episodis hist\u00f2rics al llarg del segle XX. El juliol del 1936, quan es produ\u00ed l&#8217;aixecament militar en contra del govern republic\u00e0, hi tingueren lloc durs enfrontaments entre els soldats sollevats i les forces lleials a la Rep\u00fablica. Posteriorment, durant la dictadura franquista, la pla\u00e7a fou testimoni de manifestacions en contra del r\u00e8gim, com les del 1951 i el 1957 en protesta per l&#8217;augment del bitllet de tramvia. D&#8217;altra banda, l&#8217;edifici de la Universitat de Barcelona va viure diferents actes en contra del r\u00e8gim franquista protagonitzats pel combatiu moviment estudiantil sorgit a mitjans de la d\u00e8cada del 1950.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>El 19 de juliol del 1936, un esquadr\u00f3 de cavalleria provinent de la caserna del carrer de Tarragona va ocupar la pla\u00e7a de la Universitat sense resist\u00e8ncia. All\u00e0 havia d&#8217;enlla\u00e7ar amb un regiment d&#8217;infanteria de la caserna del Bruc de Pedralbes, que tenia per objectiu arribar a la pla\u00e7a de Catalunya. Aviat s&#8217;iniciaren els enfrontaments armats entre els militars rebels i les forces republicanes. Per sufocar la revolta calia recuperar tant la pla\u00e7a de Catalunya com la pla\u00e7a de la Universitat i les forces governamentals van optar per a\u00efllar ambd\u00f3s empla\u00e7aments, a fi que els facciosos no rebessin refor\u00e7os. A primera hora de la tarda, una unitat de la Gu\u00e0rdia Civil, que s&#8217;havia mantingut fidel a la Rep\u00fablica, va entrar a la pla\u00e7a pel carrer d&#8217;Aribau i, despr\u00e9s d&#8217;una hora de converses, va aconseguir que els militars es rendissin. L&#8217;al\u00e7ament militar fou sufocat a Barcelona i a d&#8217;altres ciutats de tot l&#8217;Estat, donant peu a l&#8217;inici de la Guerra Civil espanyola.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>Anys m\u00e9s tard, durant la dictadura del general Franco, aquest punt de la ciutat va ser escenari de protestes ciutadanes en contra del r\u00e8gim, moltes d&#8217;elles encap\u00e7alades per estudiants de la Universitat de Barcelona, que t\u00e9 la seva seu principal a la pla\u00e7a. La instauraci\u00f3 de la dictadura franquista va representar un per\u00edode de gran repressi\u00f3 a l&#8217;\u00e0mbit universitari amb la depuraci\u00f3 del professorat, l&#8217;eliminaci\u00f3 de l&#8217;autonomia universit\u00e0ria i el genocidi cap a la cultura i la llengua catalanes a la vida acad\u00e8mica. Per donar resposta a aquesta repressi\u00f3, el 9 de febrer del 1946 la secci\u00f3 universit\u00e0ria del Front Nacional de Catalunya \u0096organitzaci\u00f3 armada antifranquista- va col\u00b7locar un artefacte explosiu a la capella de l&#8217;edifici de la universitat coincidint amb l&#8217;acte per commemorar els estudiants franquistes morts durant la Guerra Civil. L&#8217;acci\u00f3 va continuar dies despr\u00e9s amb la col\u00b7locaci\u00f3 de cartutxos de dinamita als locals del Sindicato Espa\u00f1ol Universitario (SEU) que hi havia al mateix edifici. Com a repres\u00e0lia, diversos estudiants considerats catalanistes foren interrogats i maltractats sense proves de la culpabilitat.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>L&#8217;any 1951, els estudiants universitaris encap\u00e7alaren les multitudin\u00e0ries manifestacions en contra de l&#8217;augment del preu del bitllet de tramvia, que s&#8217;apuj\u00e0 un 40% a Barcelona mentre que a Madrid no va ser modificat. En una \u00e8poca de carestia i baixos salaris, es f\u00e9u una crida a la ciutadania per fer boicot al tramvia. El 25 de febrer es van produir enfrontaments entre la policia i els estudiants a la pla\u00e7a de la Universitat aix\u00ed com en d&#8217;altres centres universitaris com la facultat de Medicina i l&#8217;Escola Industrial. Despr\u00e9s de diversos dies consecutius de boicot, les autoritats abaixaren el preu del bitllet i la ciutadania vei\u00e9 com el r\u00e8gim claudicava davant de la seva pressi\u00f3 per primer cop.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>El mes de gener del 1957, un nou boicot contra els tramvies, per la mateixa ra\u00f3 que l&#8217;any 1951, provoc\u00e0 greus aldarulls a la pla\u00e7a que acabaren amb l&#8217;ocupaci\u00f3 de l&#8217;edifici de la universitat per part d&#8217;estudiants que cremaren els retrats de Franco i de Jos\u00e9 Antonio, i feren crits contra el r\u00e8gim. La policia va entrar a l&#8217;edifici a cavall per desallotjar-lo. Aquesta vegada, la participaci\u00f3 d&#8217;estudiants a les protestes fou encara m\u00e9s intensa, obrint una nova etapa en el moviment estudiantil, molt refor\u00e7at a partir del 1955 constituint-se com un dels sectors organitzats m\u00e9s combatents de l&#8217;antifranquisme.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>Ja a la d\u00e8cada del 1960, l&#8217;augment d&#8217;estudiants provoc\u00e0 que l&#8217;oposici\u00f3 antifranquista s&#8217;eixampl\u00e9s dins la universitat, establint complicitats amb la part m\u00e9s catalanista de l&#8217;Esgl\u00e9sia i amb altres sectors de la societat: intel\u00b7lectuals, moviment ve\u00efnal, etc. Aquesta nova onada antifranquista universit\u00e0ria culmin\u00e0 amb la creaci\u00f3 del Sindicat Democr\u00e0tic d&#8217;Estudiants de la Universitat de Barcelona (SDEUB) l&#8217;any 1966 al convent dels Caputxins de Sarri\u00e0. Durant els anys seg\u00fcents el moviment estudiantil esdevindria una de les principals preocupacions del r\u00e8gim, el qual endur\u00ed la repressi\u00f3 contra la milit\u00e0ncia dels universitaris.<\/p>\n<p class=%22blau%22 style=%22text-align: left;%22>\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|tablet\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>This square, one of the nerve centres in the city, was the scene of several historic episodes over the course of the 20th century. In July 1936, when the military uprising against the Republic government began, serious confrontations took place here between rebel soldiers and forces loyal to the Republic. Later, during the Franco dictatorship, the square witnessed demonstrations against the regime, such as those in 1951 and 1957 to protest against tram ticket price rises. Moreover, the University of Barcelona building was also the venue for actions against the Franco regime organised by the combative student movement that emerged in the mid-1950s.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On 19 July 1936, a cavalry squadron from the Carrer de Tarragona barracks occupied Pla\u00e7a de la Universitat, encountering no resistance. There, the unit was to meet up with an infantry regiment from the Bruc barracks in Pedralbes, whose objective was to reach Pla\u00e7a de Catalunya. Armed confrontations soon broke out between the rebel soldiers and republican forces. In order to quash the revolt, it was necessary to regain both Pla\u00e7a de Catalunya and Pla\u00e7a de la Universitat. To this end, government forces decided to isolate the two positions, preventing the rebels from receiving reinforcements. In the early-afternoon, a Civil Guard Unit loyal to the Republic entered the square from Carrer d\u2019Aribau and, after talks lasting an hour, persuaded the rebel forces to surrender. The military uprising was quashed in Barcelona and other cities all over Spain, effectively starting the Spanish Civil War.<\/p>\n<p>Years later, during the Franco dictatorship, this point in the city was the scene of public protests against the regime, many of them led by students from the University of Barcelona, whose main centre is in the square. The installation of the Franco dictatorship was followed by a period of repression in the academic world, with a purge of teachers, the abolition of university autonomy and a genocidal attack on Catalan language and culture. On 9 February 1946, in response to this repression, the university section of the National Front of Catalonia \u2013 an armed anti-Franco organisation \u2013 placed an explosive device in the chapel of the university building, coinciding with a ceremony to commemorate the Francoist students who died in the Civil War. The campaign continued two days later, when dynamite cartridges were placed in the premises of the Spanish University Union (SEU) in the same building. In reprisal for this, several students considered to be Catalan nationalists were interrogated and beaten, though no evidence of guilt was found.<\/p>\n<p>In 1951, university students led the huge demonstrations against the rising price of tram tickets, which increased by 40% in Barcelona whilst remaining unchanged in Madrid. At this time of shortages and low wages, the call was made for people to boycott the tram service. On February 25, confrontations occurred between students and police in Pla\u00e7a de la Universitat and at other university facilities, such as the Medical Faculty and the Industrial School. After a boycott lasting several consecutive days, the authorities lowered the tram ticket price, and people saw, for the first time, how the regime could be forced to give in to public pressure.<\/p>\n<p>In January 1957, another tram boycott, for the same reason as in 1951, led to serious disturbances in the square, which ended with students occupying the university building, where they burned portraits of Franco and Jos\u00e9 Antonio and called out against the regime. Mounted police entered the building to drive them out. This time, student participation in protests was even more intense, opening a new period in the student movement, which grew in strength after 1955 to become one of the most combative organised sectors in the struggle against Franco.<\/p>\n<p>In the 1960s, rising student numbers led to spreading anti-Franco movements in the university, and links were forged with the more pro-Catalan sectors of the Church and other sectors of society: intellectuals, the residents\u2019 movement, etc. This new anti-Francoist wave culminated with the founding, at the Capuchins Monastery in Sarri\u00e0, of the Democratic Union of University of Barcelona Students (SDEUB) in 1966.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#e08f1a\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR, FRANCOISM<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb6929,6930,6931,6932&#8243; 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_builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; 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text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>The Model prison is one of the most infamous sites of Francoist repression in Barcelona. It was used by Fascist troops from the very day after they occupied the city, and the detention centre became a symbol amongst those who had defended the legitimacy of the Republic and individuals and movements opposed to the new regime.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Opened in June 1904, the Cellular Prison of Barcelona was designed as a model to be followed within the Spanish penitentiary system. Rationalist in style, the prison has a radial, cellular structure that enables all the galleries to be visually controlled from the watchtower in the centre. During the Civil War (1936-1939), military personnel implicated in the coup, fascists and right-wingers were held in this prison. After the Events of May 1937, CNT, FAI and POUM militants were also imprisoned here.<\/p>\n<p>With the entry of Franco\u0092s troops into Barcelona on 26 January 1939, a machinery of repression was rolled out. Those accused of being \u0093hostile\u0094 to the new regime had to prove otherwise by providing guarantees and appearing before a court. In the months following the occupation, thousands were incarcerated in the Model prison, which suffered from overcrowding: though designed to hold 800 inmates, it was to reach more than 15,000 prisoners at a time. In the 1940s, the prison population began to decline and, during the 1950s and early 1960s, most of the prisoners were \u0093common criminals\u0094 as a result of the enactment of the harsh Vagrancy Act (\u0093Ley de vagos y maleantes\u0094), which mostly affected the marginalised masses in the periphery of cities that grew haphazardly. They shared the space with political prisoners (clandestine trade unionists, Catalan nationalists and politicians) that spent short periods of time \u0096 from a fortnight to four months \u0096 awaiting trial and, in the event of long sentences, were transferred to other prisons, generally outside Catalonia.<\/p>\n<p>In the 1970s, the number of political prisoners rose once again in the Model prison as, in the latter years of Franco\u0092s rule, pro-democracy movements became highly mobilised to pursue their struggle far and wide (factories, universities, residents\u0092 associations, etc.) while the regime, far from accepting the turmoil, implemented harshly repressive measures. The most noteworthy events in this period included the arrest of 113 members of the Assemblea de Catalunya (Assembly of Catalonia) in October 1973 in the neighbouring Church of Santa Maria Mitjancera and the execution of Salvador Puig Antich \u0096 member of the revolutionary group Movimiento Ib\u00e9rico de Liberaci\u00f3n (Iberian Liberation Movement) in the same prison on 2 March 1974. The sentence passed against Puig Antich, accused of killing a policeman, unleashed a wave of anti-Franco demonstrations. This period saw the creation of Comissions de Solidaritat (Solidarity Committees), a network of solidarity supporting political prisoners to alleviate the poor living conditions in prison and to uphold links with the outside world.<\/p>\n<p>During the transition to democracy, the streets surrounding the Model prison were the scene of calls for amnesty for political prisoners by Llu\u00eds Maria Xirinacs, a pacifist priest, until the amnesty law was finally passed on 14 October 1977.<\/p>\n<p>In recent years, several associations of former prisoners and historians have requested that a memorial on repression under Franco and the fight for freedoms should be established at the Model prison when the penitentiary is finally vacated.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#e08f1a\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: FRANCOISM<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10221,10219,10222,10220&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbEix 10 mitjancera\u00bb module_id=\u00bbmostra\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb background_enable_image=\u00bboff\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb0px||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb top_divider_height=\u00bb36px\u00bb top_divider_height_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_phone=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb collapsed=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00bboff\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_close=\u00bbon\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00bbon\u00bb da_is_singular=\u00bboff\u00bb da_with_loader=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_shadow=\u00bbon\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#c6').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.cb6').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#c6\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.cb6').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbcb6&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#e08f1a\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #e08f1a;\">10.\u00a0<\/span>Church of Santa Maria Mitjancera<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbc6&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>In October 1973, around 150 members of the Assembly of Catalonia attended a clandestine meeting in the Church of Santa Maria Mitjancera. The police raided the church and arrested 113 participants at the meeting.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>At 9 am on 28 October 1973, some 150 members of the Standing Committee of the Assembly of Catalonia \u0096 a platform for a unified anti-Franco opposition \u0096 entered the Church of Santa Maria Mitjancera, where a clandestine meeting was to be held. Such events were often carried out in places of worship, as some of Catalonia\u0092s ecclesiastical sectors identified with the anti-Francoist cause. Moreover, in 1953, the Franco regime had accepted a Vatican concordat that prohibited police intervention in a place of worship. However, this pact was rendered invalid if the police received permission from the civil governor to enter the church.<\/p>\n<p>Despite the steps taken to keep the meeting a secret, two hours after the meeting began, the police surrounded the building and, with the corresponding permission, entered the church and arrested most of the participants, though some managed to escape amidst the chaos. In total, 113 members of the Assembly were arrested and taken to the police station on Via Laietana. There, they were subject to endless interrogations as well as physical and verbal abuse. All of them were put behind bars, men in the Model prison and women in the Trinitat prison. A campaign of solidarity with the prisoners ensued and leaflets were handed out all over the city. In prison, members of the Standing Committee received a continuous outpouring of support from Catalonia, the rest of Spain and abroad. Repression under the regime led to a rallying of support for the Assembly of Catalonia, which became the main platform of opposition until the elections in 1977.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#e08f1a\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: FRANCOISM<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10216,10215,10213,10214&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; 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_builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb header_font=\u00bb|||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|700||on|||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb20px\u00bb background_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb10px|15px||15px|false|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb10px|15px||15px|false|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb10px|15px|0px|15px|false|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|5px|5px|5px|5px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h2>G\u00f2tic &amp; Raval<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00bb1_3,2_3&#8243; use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb2&#8243; 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_builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#006273&#8243; body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #006273;\">1. <\/span>Catalunya square<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbg1&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text content_tablet=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22><strong>La pla\u00e7a de Catalunya va ser l&#8217;escenari de diversos fets destacats durant la Guerra Civil. El 19 de juliol del 1936, els militars sollevats que sortiren de les casernes de Barcelona van ser aturats aqu\u00ed per les forces fidels a la Rep\u00fablica. Mesos m\u00e9s tard, el 3 de maig del 1937, l&#8217;intent d&#8217;ocupaci\u00f3 de l&#8217;edifici de la Telef\u00f3nica per part de les forces d&#8217;ordre de la Generalitat, va derivar en enfrontaments armats; aquest episodi \u00e9s conegut com els Fets de Maig. En les d\u00e8cades subseg\u00fcents, la pla\u00e7a, com a epicentre de la ciutat, va ser escenari de diverses manifestacions i actes p\u00fablics: des de mostres d&#8217;adhesi\u00f3 al r\u00e8gim franquista fins a manifestacions en demanda de llibertats a les darreries del franquisme i durant la Transici\u00f3.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>El 19 de juliol del 1936, les tropes militars rebels van sortir de les casernes per prendre el control de la ciutat. Sota les ordres del comandant L\u00f3pez-Amor van arribar a la pla\u00e7a de Catalunya a les vuit del mat\u00ed, on va haver-hi un fort enfrontament amb els gu\u00e0rdies d&#8217;assalt republicans, que van haver de retirar-se. Els sollevats van atacar l&#8217;edifici de la Telef\u00f3nica -situat a la cantonada de la pla\u00e7a amb el Portal de l&#8217;\u00c0ngel- on la secci\u00f3 del tinent Perales de la Gu\u00e0rdia d&#8217;Assalt va resisti a les plantes superiors fins al final dels combats. A les nou del mat\u00ed, els militars tenien controlats tots els edificis de la pla\u00e7a, per\u00f2 a les dues de la tarda la situaci\u00f3 va canviar. La Gu\u00e0rdia Civil, que es mantingu\u00e9 fidel a la Rep\u00fablica, va contraatacar donant suport a les forces d&#8217;assalt que ja havien aconseguit ocupar posicions infiltrant-se pels t\u00fanels del metro on van atrapar L\u00f3pez-Amor. L&#8217;assalt als diversos espais controlats pels feixistes es va realitzar amb l&#8217;ajuda de voluntaris civils. Les peces d&#8217;artilleria capturades van ser de gran ajuda, i es va recuperar el control del Casino Militar, l&#8217;edifici de la Telef\u00f3nica i l&#8217;Hotel Col\u00f3n. A les quatre de la tarda els enfrontaments havien finalitzat en aquest punt de la ciutat. La pla\u00e7a presentava un paisatge desolador, coberta de cad\u00e0vers de soldats, de gu\u00e0rdies i de ciutadans an\u00f2nims, aix\u00ed com un gran nombre de cavalls morts.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>Un altre fet destacable succe\u00ed a la pla\u00e7a el 3 de maig del 1937, durant els anomenats Fets de Maig, quan es van enfrontar entre si les diferents forces antifeixistes de Catalunya. D&#8217;una banda les forces d&#8217;ordre p\u00fablic de la Generalitat i militants del PSUC, l&#8217;UGT i Estat Catal\u00e0; de l&#8217;altra, militants de la CNT-FAI i del POUM. El conseller de governaci\u00f3 de la Generalitat, Artemi Aiguader, va ordenar l&#8217;ocupaci\u00f3 de l&#8217;edifici de la Telef\u00f3nica per fer fora els anarcosindicalistes de la CNT-FAI que tenien el monopoli de les comunicacions telef\u00f2niques. Hi va haver una forta resist\u00e8ncia armada, per\u00f2 a les tres de la tarda, 200 gu\u00e0rdies d&#8217;assalt van ocupar la primera planta de l&#8217;edifici, mentre que la CNT-FAI feia una crida a tots els seus militants per defensar-lo i per iniciar una vaga general. La lluita als carrers va ser intensa per tota la ciutat, especialment els dies 4 i 5. El dia 6 de maig, el govern central de la Rep\u00fablica va enviar 5.000 gu\u00e0rdies d&#8217;assalt a Barcelona per pacificar la situaci\u00f3. Es va arribar a un acord pel qual la CNT-FAI deixaria l&#8217;edifici de la Telef\u00f3nica i despr\u00e9s ho faria la Gu\u00e0rdia d&#8217;Assalt, per\u00f2 quan els anarcosindicalistes van complir el pacte, les forces de la Generalitat i la UGT van aprofitar per ocupar l&#8217;edifici. A la nit es va arribar a un acord definitiu entre els anarquistes i el Govern per tal de deixar les armes. Es calcula que hi va haver entre 280 i 500 morts, i m\u00e9s de mil ferits.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>Avui a la pla\u00e7a hi ha un monument a Francesc Maci\u00e0, obra de Josep Maria Subirachs, inaugurat l&#8217;any 1991 i sufragat en part per una col\u00b7lecta popular feta pel diari Avui que des del 1977 n&#8217;impuls\u00e0 la idea. Maci\u00e0, que el 14 d&#8217;abril del 1931 proclam\u00e0 des del balc\u00f3 de la Generalitat %22la Rep\u00fablica Catalana dins d&#8217;una federaci\u00f3 de rep\u00fabliques ib\u00e8riques%22, fou el primer president de la Generalitat de Catalunya recuperada amb l&#8217;arribada de la Segona Rep\u00fablica. Mor\u00ed el dia de Nadal del 1933 i el seu enterrament va provocar una extraordin\u00e0ria manifestaci\u00f3 de dol per part del ciutadans que van acompanyar el f\u00e8retre en un llarg seguici pel centre de la ciutat fins al cementiri de Montju\u00efc.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>\u00bb content_phone=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22><strong>La pla\u00e7a de Catalunya va ser l&#8217;escenari de diversos fets destacats durant la Guerra Civil. El 19 de juliol del 1936, els militars sollevats que sortiren de les casernes de Barcelona van ser aturats aqu\u00ed per les forces fidels a la Rep\u00fablica. Mesos m\u00e9s tard, el 3 de maig del 1937, l&#8217;intent d&#8217;ocupaci\u00f3 de l&#8217;edifici de la Telef\u00f3nica per part de les forces d&#8217;ordre de la Generalitat, va derivar en enfrontaments armats; aquest episodi \u00e9s conegut com els Fets de Maig. En les d\u00e8cades subseg\u00fcents, la pla\u00e7a, com a epicentre de la ciutat, va ser escenari de diverses manifestacions i actes p\u00fablics: des de mostres d&#8217;adhesi\u00f3 al r\u00e8gim franquista fins a manifestacions en demanda de llibertats a les darreries del franquisme i durant la Transici\u00f3.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>El 19 de juliol del 1936, les tropes militars rebels van sortir de les casernes per prendre el control de la ciutat. Sota les ordres del comandant L\u00f3pez-Amor van arribar a la pla\u00e7a de Catalunya a les vuit del mat\u00ed, on va haver-hi un fort enfrontament amb els gu\u00e0rdies d&#8217;assalt republicans, que van haver de retirar-se. Els sollevats van atacar l&#8217;edifici de la Telef\u00f3nica -situat a la cantonada de la pla\u00e7a amb el Portal de l&#8217;\u00c0ngel- on la secci\u00f3 del tinent Perales de la Gu\u00e0rdia d&#8217;Assalt va resisti a les plantes superiors fins al final dels combats. A les nou del mat\u00ed, els militars tenien controlats tots els edificis de la pla\u00e7a, per\u00f2 a les dues de la tarda la situaci\u00f3 va canviar. La Gu\u00e0rdia Civil, que es mantingu\u00e9 fidel a la Rep\u00fablica, va contraatacar donant suport a les forces d&#8217;assalt que ja havien aconseguit ocupar posicions infiltrant-se pels t\u00fanels del metro on van atrapar L\u00f3pez-Amor. L&#8217;assalt als diversos espais controlats pels feixistes es va realitzar amb l&#8217;ajuda de voluntaris civils. Les peces d&#8217;artilleria capturades van ser de gran ajuda, i es va recuperar el control del Casino Militar, l&#8217;edifici de la Telef\u00f3nica i l&#8217;Hotel Col\u00f3n. A les quatre de la tarda els enfrontaments havien finalitzat en aquest punt de la ciutat. La pla\u00e7a presentava un paisatge desolador, coberta de cad\u00e0vers de soldats, de gu\u00e0rdies i de ciutadans an\u00f2nims, aix\u00ed com un gran nombre de cavalls morts.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>Un altre fet destacable succe\u00ed a la pla\u00e7a el 3 de maig del 1937, durant els anomenats Fets de Maig, quan es van enfrontar entre si les diferents forces antifeixistes de Catalunya. D&#8217;una banda les forces d&#8217;ordre p\u00fablic de la Generalitat i militants del PSUC, l&#8217;UGT i Estat Catal\u00e0; de l&#8217;altra, militants de la CNT-FAI i del POUM. El conseller de governaci\u00f3 de la Generalitat, Artemi Aiguader, va ordenar l&#8217;ocupaci\u00f3 de l&#8217;edifici de la Telef\u00f3nica per fer fora els anarcosindicalistes de la CNT-FAI que tenien el monopoli de les comunicacions telef\u00f2niques. Hi va haver una forta resist\u00e8ncia armada, per\u00f2 a les tres de la tarda, 200 gu\u00e0rdies d&#8217;assalt van ocupar la primera planta de l&#8217;edifici, mentre que la CNT-FAI feia una crida a tots els seus militants per defensar-lo i per iniciar una vaga general. La lluita als carrers va ser intensa per tota la ciutat, especialment els dies 4 i 5. El dia 6 de maig, el govern central de la Rep\u00fablica va enviar 5.000 gu\u00e0rdies d&#8217;assalt a Barcelona per pacificar la situaci\u00f3. Es va arribar a un acord pel qual la CNT-FAI deixaria l&#8217;edifici de la Telef\u00f3nica i despr\u00e9s ho faria la Gu\u00e0rdia d&#8217;Assalt, per\u00f2 quan els anarcosindicalistes van complir el pacte, les forces de la Generalitat i la UGT van aprofitar per ocupar l&#8217;edifici. A la nit es va arribar a un acord definitiu entre els anarquistes i el Govern per tal de deixar les armes. Es calcula que hi va haver entre 280 i 500 morts, i m\u00e9s de mil ferits.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>Avui a la pla\u00e7a hi ha un monument a Francesc Maci\u00e0, obra de Josep Maria Subirachs, inaugurat l&#8217;any 1991 i sufragat en part per una col\u00b7lecta popular feta pel diari Avui que des del 1977 n&#8217;impuls\u00e0 la idea. Maci\u00e0, que el 14 d&#8217;abril del 1931 proclam\u00e0 des del balc\u00f3 de la Generalitat %22la Rep\u00fablica Catalana dins d&#8217;una federaci\u00f3 de rep\u00fabliques ib\u00e8riques%22, fou el primer president de la Generalitat de Catalunya recuperada amb l&#8217;arribada de la Segona Rep\u00fablica. Mor\u00ed el dia de Nadal del 1933 i el seu enterrament va provocar una extraordin\u00e0ria manifestaci\u00f3 de dol per part del ciutadans que van acompanyar el f\u00e8retre en un llarg seguici pel centre de la ciutat fins al cementiri de Montju\u00efc.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pla\u00e7a de Catalunya was the scene of several important events during the Civil War. On 19 July 1936, rebel forces leaving their Barcelona barracks were stopped in the square by forces loyal to the Republic. Nearly a year later, on 3 May 1937, in the incident known as the Events of May, armed confrontation broke out when Catalan Government forces attempted to occupy the Telef\u00f3nica building. In subsequent decades, the square, as the epicentre of the city, was the scene of many public demonstrations and events: from shows of support for the Franco regime to rallies demanding greater freedom in the dying years of the dictatorship and during<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On 19 July 1936, rebel troops marched out of their barracks to attempt to take control of the city. At eight in the morning, led by Commander L\u00f3pez-Amor, they reached Pla\u00e7a de Catalunya, where a violent engagement with Republican assault guards ensured. The Republican troops were forced to withdraw, and the rebels then attacked the Telef\u00f3nica building on the corner of the square with Portal de l\u0092\u00c0ngel, where the unit led by Assault Guard Lieutenant Perales held out on the upper floors until the fighting was over. By nine in the morning, the fascist troops had taken control over all the buildings in the square, but things began to change at around two in the afternoon. The Civil Guard, which had remained loyal to the Republic, counter-attacked to support the assault forces, which had managed to take up position by using underground railway tunnels, trapping L\u00f3pez-Amor. Civil volunteers also gave assistance in attacking the various positions held by the fascist forces. Captured artillery pieces also proved most useful, and control was regained over the Military Casino (or mess), the Telef\u00f3nica building and the Hotel Col\u00f3n. By four in the afternoon, fighting had ended in this part of the city. The square was a desolate sight to see, covered in the bodies of soldiers, civil guards and anonymous citizens, as well as many dead horses.<\/p>\n<p>Another important incident took place in the square on 3 May 1937, during the so-called Events of May, when different anti-fascist forces in Catalonia did battle with one another. On one side were the Catalan government\u0092s forces of public order and the PSUC, UGT and Estat Catal\u00e0 (\u0093Catalan State\u0094) militants; on the other, CNT-FAI and POUM activists. Artemi Aiguader, the Catalan Minister for Governance, ordered the occupation of the Telef\u00f3nica building to dislodge the CNT-FAI anarcho-syndicalists, who held the monopoly over telephone communications. The occupants put up strong resistance, but at around three in the afternoon, 200 assault guards managed to take control of the first floor, whilst the CNT-FAI called all its militants to its defence and to start a general strike. There ensued an intense struggle for the streets all over the city, particularly on May 4 and 5. On May 6, the Republican central government sent 5,000 assault guards to Barcelona to pacify the situation. An agreement was reached under which the CNT-FAI would leave the Telef\u00f3nica building first, after which the assault guards would do likewise, but when the anarcho-syndicalists fulfilled their side of the bargain, Catalan Government and UGT forces took advantage to occupy the building. By nightfall, a final cease-fire was agreed between the anarcho-syndicalists and the Government. Estimates place the death toll from this incident at between 280 and 500, with more than one thousand wounded.<\/p>\n<p>Today, a monument to Francesc Maci\u00e0, by Josep Maria Subirachs, stands in the square. Unveiled in 1991, it was partially paid for by a collection organised by the Avui newspaper, which had promoted the idea since 1977. Maci\u00e0, who had proclaimed \u0093the Catalan Republic within a federation of Iberian republics\u0094 from the balcony of the Palau de la Generalitat on 14 April 1931, was the first president of the Catalan Government when it was restored under the Second Spanish Republic. He died on Christmas Day 1933, and his funeral was marked by an extraordinary public demonstration of mourning, as a huge cort\u00e8ge accompanied his coffin through the city centre to the cemetery in Montju\u00efc.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#006273&#8243; background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb6957,6958,6959,6960&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; 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header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#006273&#8243; body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #006273;\">2. <\/span>Offices of El Papus magazine<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbg2&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text content_tablet=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22><strong>Durant la transici\u00f3 a la democr\u00e0cia, organitzacions d&#8217;ultradreta van dur a terme una s\u00e8rie d&#8217;atemptats terroristes. Un d&#8217;aquests atacs va produir-se el 20 de setembre del 1977 a l&#8217;edifici de la revista sat\u00edrica El Papus, que es trobava en aquest edifici de la conflu\u00e8ncia del carrer de Tallers amb la pla\u00e7a de Castella, provocant un mort i tretze ferits.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>La revista El Papus, amb el subt\u00edtol %22Revista sat\u00edrica y neurast\u00e9nica%22, va sortir a la llum el 20 d&#8217;octubre del 1973 i es public\u00e0 fins a l&#8217;any 1986. Es caracteritzava per fer s\u00e0tira d&#8217;aspectes pol\u00edtics i socials de plena actualitat.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>El 20 de setembre del 1977, a la seu del segell Amaika -que editava les revistes El Papus, El Cuervo i Party- es va rebre una maleta bomba que no explot\u00e0 al despatx del director que n&#8217;era el destinatari, sin\u00f3 a la mateixa recepci\u00f3, causant la mort del conserge de l&#8217;edifici, Juan Pe\u00f1alver, i provocant ferides a tretze persones m\u00e9s. L&#8217;autoria fou reivindicada per la Triple A (Alianza Apost\u00f3lica Anticomunista) i tot indica que els autors pertanyien a la Hermandad Nacional de la Guardia de Franco i a la Juventud Espa\u00f1ola en Pie. L&#8217;atemptat va ser la resposta d&#8217;aquesta organitzaci\u00f3 profeixista al n\u00famero posterior al 20 de novembre del 1976 d&#8217;El Papus, que havia publicat una s\u00e0tira en refer\u00e8ncia a la concentraci\u00f3 celebrada a Madrid per commemorar el primer aniversari de la mort del dictador Franco.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>En protesta per l&#8217;atemptat, es va celebrar una manifestaci\u00f3 que va aplegar 6.000 persones i que va anar de la seu de la revista, passant per la pla\u00e7a de Catalunya i la pla\u00e7a de Sant Jaume, fins a l&#8217;edifici del Govern Civil, on es va lliurar un manifest de protesta contra l&#8217;atemptat. Despr\u00e9s d&#8217;unes setmanes sense sortir, el 8 d&#8217;octubre del 1977 El Papus es tornava a publicar amb una fotografia dels efectes de l&#8217;atemptat i el titular %22La visita del rencor%22 i l&#8217;editorial portava per t\u00edtol %22Vosotros fascistas, sois los terroristas%22. Poc despr\u00e9s de l&#8217;atemptat, 13 persones foren detingudes, totes elles conegudes per la seva viol\u00e8ncia practicada contra el canvi democr\u00e0tic. Malgrat tot, la sent\u00e8ncia del cas \u00e9s un reflex de la molt deficient investigaci\u00f3 policial davant dels fets. Els processats nom\u00e9s foren condemnats a alguns mesos de pres\u00f3 per un delicte de tinen\u00e7a d&#8217;explosius.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>\u00bb content_phone=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22><strong>Durant la transici\u00f3 a la democr\u00e0cia, organitzacions d&#8217;ultradreta van dur a terme una s\u00e8rie d&#8217;atemptats terroristes. Un d&#8217;aquests atacs va produir-se el 20 de setembre del 1977 a l&#8217;edifici de la revista sat\u00edrica El Papus, que es trobava en aquest edifici de la conflu\u00e8ncia del carrer de Tallers amb la pla\u00e7a de Castella, provocant un mort i tretze ferits.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>La revista El Papus, amb el subt\u00edtol %22Revista sat\u00edrica y neurast\u00e9nica%22, va sortir a la llum el 20 d&#8217;octubre del 1973 i es public\u00e0 fins a l&#8217;any 1986. Es caracteritzava per fer s\u00e0tira d&#8217;aspectes pol\u00edtics i socials de plena actualitat.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>El 20 de setembre del 1977, a la seu del segell Amaika -que editava les revistes El Papus, El Cuervo i Party- es va rebre una maleta bomba que no explot\u00e0 al despatx del director que n&#8217;era el destinatari, sin\u00f3 a la mateixa recepci\u00f3, causant la mort del conserge de l&#8217;edifici, Juan Pe\u00f1alver, i provocant ferides a tretze persones m\u00e9s. L&#8217;autoria fou reivindicada per la Triple A (Alianza Apost\u00f3lica Anticomunista) i tot indica que els autors pertanyien a la Hermandad Nacional de la Guardia de Franco i a la Juventud Espa\u00f1ola en Pie. L&#8217;atemptat va ser la resposta d&#8217;aquesta organitzaci\u00f3 profeixista al n\u00famero posterior al 20 de novembre del 1976 d&#8217;El Papus, que havia publicat una s\u00e0tira en refer\u00e8ncia a la concentraci\u00f3 celebrada a Madrid per commemorar el primer aniversari de la mort del dictador Franco.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>En protesta per l&#8217;atemptat, es va celebrar una manifestaci\u00f3 que va aplegar 6.000 persones i que va anar de la seu de la revista, passant per la pla\u00e7a de Catalunya i la pla\u00e7a de Sant Jaume, fins a l&#8217;edifici del Govern Civil, on es va lliurar un manifest de protesta contra l&#8217;atemptat. Despr\u00e9s d&#8217;unes setmanes sense sortir, el 8 d&#8217;octubre del 1977 El Papus es tornava a publicar amb una fotografia dels efectes de l&#8217;atemptat i el titular %22La visita del rencor%22 i l&#8217;editorial portava per t\u00edtol %22Vosotros fascistas, sois los terroristas%22. Poc despr\u00e9s de l&#8217;atemptat, 13 persones foren detingudes, totes elles conegudes per la seva viol\u00e8ncia practicada contra el canvi democr\u00e0tic. Malgrat tot, la sent\u00e8ncia del cas \u00e9s un reflex de la molt deficient investigaci\u00f3 policial davant dels fets. Els processats nom\u00e9s foren condemnats a alguns mesos de pres\u00f3 per un delicte de tinen\u00e7a d&#8217;explosius.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>During the Democratic Transition, extreme right-wing organisations carried out a series of terrorist attacks. One such attack took place on 20 September 1977 against this building on the corner of Carrer de Tallers with Pla\u00e7a de Castella, which housed the offices the satirical magazine El Papus. The bomb sent to the building killed one person and left thirteen injured.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The magazine El Papus, subheading \u00absatirical and neurasthenic review\u00bb, first came out on 20 October 1973 and was published until 1986. El Papus was characterised by a savagely satirical take on the latest developments in politics and society.<\/p>\n<p>On 20 September 1977, a suitcase bomb was received at the headquarters of Amaika, which published three magazines (El Papus, El Cuervo and Party). The device did not explode in the director\u0092s office as intended, but at reception, killing the porter, Juan Pe\u00f1alver, and wounding thirteen others. The Triple A (Anti-Communist Apostolic Alliance) claimed responsibility for the attack, and everything points to the authors of the crime belonging to the National Brotherhood of the Franco Guard and the Spanish youth movement Juventud Espa\u00f1ola en Pie. The attack was the fascist movement\u0092s response to the latest issue of El Papus, dated 20 November 1976, containing a satirical article on the rally held in Madrid to commemorate the first anniversary of Franco\u0092s death.<\/p>\n<p>In protest against the attack, 6,000 demonstrators marched from the headquarters of the magazine, passing through Pla\u00e7a de Catalunya and Pla\u00e7a de Sant Jaume, to the Civil Government building, where a manifesto was read out. After several weeks\u0092 silence, El Papus returned on 8 October 1977, its cover featuring a photograph of the effects caused by the bomb and the headline \u0093Rancorous Visit\u0094. The heading for the editorial was \u0093You fascists are the terrorists\u00bb. Soon after the attack, 13 people were arrested, all known for their violent attitude to democratic change. However, the sentence showed the police investigation to have been completely inept. The accused were sentenced to just months in prison for possession of explosives.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#006273&#8243; background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: TRANSITION<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb6965,6966,6967,6968&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.3&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; 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custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb0px||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb collapsed=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{%22gcid-e1ffd448-5be5-4496-9ea6-934862244b17%22:%91%22background_color%22%93}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00bboff\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_close=\u00bbon\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00bbon\u00bb da_is_singular=\u00bboff\u00bb da_with_loader=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_shadow=\u00bbon\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.3&#8243; background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#g3').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.gb3').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#g3\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.gb3').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbgb3&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#006273&#8243; body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #006273;\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #006273;\">3.<\/span> Rambla de Canaletes<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbg3&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text content_tablet=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22><strong>En aquest punt de la Rambla fou detingut Andreu Nin, dirigent del Partit Obrer d&#8217;Unificaci\u00f3 Marxista (POUM), que fou il\u00b7legalitzat despr\u00e9s dels Fets de Maig del 1937. Un cop detingut, Nin fou assassinat per agents sovi\u00e8tics. Des del 1983 hi ha una placa commemorativa en aquest indret en mem\u00f2ria de Nin.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>Despr\u00e9s dels Fets de Maig del 1937, el govern de la Rep\u00fablica va iniciar una forta repressi\u00f3 contra el POUM, la CNT i la FAI. A finals de maig es va tancar l&#8217;\u00f2rgan de premsa del POUM, La Batalla, i el 16 de juny es firm\u00e0 un decret per a la dissoluci\u00f3 del partit. El mateix dia 16 fou detingut el seu Comit\u00e8 Executiu, els redactors de La Batalla i quaranta destacats militants. Tots ells foren condu\u00efts a Val\u00e8ncia, menys el seu l\u00edder, Andreu Nin, que va desapar\u00e8ixer despr\u00e9s de la seva detenci\u00f3 a la Rambla n\u00famero 128.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>Andreu Nin fou traslladat a la pres\u00f3 d&#8217;Alcal\u00e1 d&#8217;Henares, on intentaren extreure-li una confessi\u00f3 de culpabilitat i el reconeixement de la relaci\u00f3 entre el POUM i els agents de Franco i Hitler. La seva detenci\u00f3 no es va fer p\u00fablica fins al 22 de juny. Durant el captiveri va ser torturat i finalment assassinat en un punt desconegut de la carretera entre Alcal\u00e1 i Perales de Taju\u00f1a. La premsa del dia 25 de juny divulg\u00e0 que s&#8217;havia celebrat el judici contra els membres del POUM i el mateix Andreu Nin. Tanmateix, a l&#8217;octubre del 1938 es publicava una resoluci\u00f3 en qu\u00e8 es determinava que les proves contra Andreu Nin eren falses i, per tant, l&#8217;acusat era innocent.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>Andreu Nin (1892-1937) havia estat un dels m\u00e0xims representants del socialisme revolucionari a Espanya. El 1935 es convert\u00ed en secretari general del POUM, creat de la uni\u00f3 del Bloc Obrer Camperol (BOC) i l&#8217;Esquerra Comunista. Durant la guerra fou conseller de Just\u00edcia de la Generalitat de Catalunya, entre setembre i desembre del 1936, des d&#8217;on cre\u00e0 els Tribunals Populars i conced\u00ed la majoria d&#8217;edat civil als 18 anys.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>\u00bb content_phone=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22><strong>En aquest punt de la Rambla fou detingut Andreu Nin, dirigent del Partit Obrer d&#8217;Unificaci\u00f3 Marxista (POUM), que fou il\u00b7legalitzat despr\u00e9s dels Fets de Maig del 1937. Un cop detingut, Nin fou assassinat per agents sovi\u00e8tics. Des del 1983 hi ha una placa commemorativa en aquest indret en mem\u00f2ria de Nin.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>Despr\u00e9s dels Fets de Maig del 1937, el govern de la Rep\u00fablica va iniciar una forta repressi\u00f3 contra el POUM, la CNT i la FAI. A finals de maig es va tancar l&#8217;\u00f2rgan de premsa del POUM, La Batalla, i el 16 de juny es firm\u00e0 un decret per a la dissoluci\u00f3 del partit. El mateix dia 16 fou detingut el seu Comit\u00e8 Executiu, els redactors de La Batalla i quaranta destacats militants. Tots ells foren condu\u00efts a Val\u00e8ncia, menys el seu l\u00edder, Andreu Nin, que va desapar\u00e8ixer despr\u00e9s de la seva detenci\u00f3 a la Rambla n\u00famero 128.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>Andreu Nin fou traslladat a la pres\u00f3 d&#8217;Alcal\u00e1 d&#8217;Henares, on intentaren extreure-li una confessi\u00f3 de culpabilitat i el reconeixement de la relaci\u00f3 entre el POUM i els agents de Franco i Hitler. La seva detenci\u00f3 no es va fer p\u00fablica fins al 22 de juny. Durant el captiveri va ser torturat i finalment assassinat en un punt desconegut de la carretera entre Alcal\u00e1 i Perales de Taju\u00f1a. La premsa del dia 25 de juny divulg\u00e0 que s&#8217;havia celebrat el judici contra els membres del POUM i el mateix Andreu Nin. Tanmateix, a l&#8217;octubre del 1938 es publicava una resoluci\u00f3 en qu\u00e8 es determinava que les proves contra Andreu Nin eren falses i, per tant, l&#8217;acusat era innocent.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>Andreu Nin (1892-1937) havia estat un dels m\u00e0xims representants del socialisme revolucionari a Espanya. El 1935 es convert\u00ed en secretari general del POUM, creat de la uni\u00f3 del Bloc Obrer Camperol (BOC) i l&#8217;Esquerra Comunista. Durant la guerra fou conseller de Just\u00edcia de la Generalitat de Catalunya, entre setembre i desembre del 1936, des d&#8217;on cre\u00e0 els Tribunals Populars i conced\u00ed la majoria d&#8217;edat civil als 18 anys.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>This is the point on La Rambla where the arrest of Andreu Nin took place, leader of the Workers\u0092 Party of Marxist Unification (POUM), which had been made illegal following the Events of May 1937. Following his detention, Nin was murdered by Soviet agents. A plaque in memory of Nin was unveiled here in 1983.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>After the Events of May 1937, the Republican Government launched a powerful campaign of repression against the POUM, the CNT and the FAI. In late-May, the POUM\u0092s press organ, La Batalla, was closed, and on June 16 a decree was signed abolishing the party. That same day, the POUM executive committee members were arrested, along with the editorial staff of La Batalla and forty leading militants. All were taken to Valencia, with exception of their leader, Andreu Nin, who disappeared after his arrest at 128, La Rambla.<\/p>\n<p>Andreu Nin was taken to the prison in Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, where he was tortured in order to make him confess his guilt and the links between the POUM and agents working for Franco and Hitler. His imprisonment was not made public until June 22. He was finally murdered at an unknown point on the road from Alcal\u00e1 to Perales de Taju\u00f1a. On June 25, the newspapers reported that the POUM members and Andreu Nin had been tried. However, in October 1938, a resolution was published stating that the evidence against Andreu Nin was false and that he was, consequently, innocent.<\/p>\n<p>Andreu Nin (1892-1937) was one of the leaders of the revolutionary socialist movement in Spain. He became POUM general secretary in 1935, after the merger between the Field Worker Bloc (BOC) and Communist Left parties. During the war, he was Justice Minister for the Catalan Government from September to December 1936, setting up the popular tribunals and establishing the age of civil majority at 18 years.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#006273&#8243; background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb6969,6970,6971,6972&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; 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header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#006273&#8243; body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #006273;\">4. <\/span>Church of Sant Agust\u00ed<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbg4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text content_tablet=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22><strong>L&#8217;any 1971, a les darreries de la dictadura franquista, l&#8217;esgl\u00e9sia de Sant Agust\u00ed fou l&#8217;escenari de la fundaci\u00f3 de l&#8217;Assemblea de Catalunya, organitzaci\u00f3 que va unir diferents forces que tenien en com\u00fa el descontentament cap al r\u00e8gim franquista.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>El 7 de novembre del 1971 tingu\u00e9 lloc en aquesta esgl\u00e9sia la primera sessi\u00f3 de l&#8217;Assemblea de Catalunya, plataforma unit\u00e0ria de lluita contra el franquisme. Fou constitu\u00efda a la clandestinitat amb un programa que contenia quatre punts b\u00e0sics: llibertats pol\u00edtiques, amnistia per als presos pol\u00edtics, restabliment provisional de l&#8217;Estatut d&#8217;Autonomia del 1932 i coordinaci\u00f3 amb la resta de forces democr\u00e0tiques de l&#8217;Estat espanyol. Aquest programa va quedar sintetitzat en l&#8217;esl\u00f2gan %22Llibertat, Amnistia, Estatut d&#8217;Autonomia%22, que es convert\u00ed en punt de refer\u00e8ncia per a tota la dissid\u00e8ncia prodemocr\u00e0tica catalana. L&#8217;Assemblea de Catalunya sorg\u00ed com a plataforma c\u00edvica on els partits pol\u00edtics compartien taula amb sindicats, associacions de ve\u00efns i tota mena d&#8217;entitats de la societat civil.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>L&#8217;Assemblea va desenvolupar una important tasca a l&#8217;hora d&#8217;estendre la unitat d&#8217;acci\u00f3 i la protesta a tot el territori catal\u00e0, convertint-se en el principal marc de coordinaci\u00f3 de l&#8217;antifranquisme i liderant les principals mobilitzacions populars d&#8217;aquells anys. L&#8217;Assemblea de Catalunya, per\u00f2, no va aconseguir la incorporaci\u00f3 dels sectors m\u00e9s moderats de l&#8217;oposici\u00f3 democr\u00e0tica, que la consideraven massa d&#8217;esquerres tot i la seva \u00e0mplia pluralitat pol\u00edtica. L&#8217;Assemblea va representar una fita pionera a tot l&#8217;Estat espanyol quant a acci\u00f3 unit\u00e0ria de forces prodemocr\u00e0tiques. Impuls\u00e0 nombroses mobilitzacions, campanyes i accions pol\u00edtiques de car\u00e0cter unitari, per\u00f2 va patir tamb\u00e9 importants cops repressius, com el del 28 d&#8217;octubre del 1973, quan 113 membres de la Comissi\u00f3 Permanent de l&#8217;Assemblea foren detinguts per la policia mentre celebraven una reuni\u00f3 clandestina a l&#8217;esgl\u00e9sia de Santa Maria Mitjancera.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>\u00bb content_phone=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22><strong>L&#8217;any 1971, a les darreries de la dictadura franquista, l&#8217;esgl\u00e9sia de Sant Agust\u00ed fou l&#8217;escenari de la fundaci\u00f3 de l&#8217;Assemblea de Catalunya, organitzaci\u00f3 que va unir diferents forces que tenien en com\u00fa el descontentament cap al r\u00e8gim franquista.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>El 7 de novembre del 1971 tingu\u00e9 lloc en aquesta esgl\u00e9sia la primera sessi\u00f3 de l&#8217;Assemblea de Catalunya, plataforma unit\u00e0ria de lluita contra el franquisme. Fou constitu\u00efda a la clandestinitat amb un programa que contenia quatre punts b\u00e0sics: llibertats pol\u00edtiques, amnistia per als presos pol\u00edtics, restabliment provisional de l&#8217;Estatut d&#8217;Autonomia del 1932 i coordinaci\u00f3 amb la resta de forces democr\u00e0tiques de l&#8217;Estat espanyol. Aquest programa va quedar sintetitzat en l&#8217;esl\u00f2gan %22Llibertat, Amnistia, Estatut d&#8217;Autonomia%22, que es convert\u00ed en punt de refer\u00e8ncia per a tota la dissid\u00e8ncia prodemocr\u00e0tica catalana. L&#8217;Assemblea de Catalunya sorg\u00ed com a plataforma c\u00edvica on els partits pol\u00edtics compartien taula amb sindicats, associacions de ve\u00efns i tota mena d&#8217;entitats de la societat civil.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>L&#8217;Assemblea va desenvolupar una important tasca a l&#8217;hora d&#8217;estendre la unitat d&#8217;acci\u00f3 i la protesta a tot el territori catal\u00e0, convertint-se en el principal marc de coordinaci\u00f3 de l&#8217;antifranquisme i liderant les principals mobilitzacions populars d&#8217;aquells anys. L&#8217;Assemblea de Catalunya, per\u00f2, no va aconseguir la incorporaci\u00f3 dels sectors m\u00e9s moderats de l&#8217;oposici\u00f3 democr\u00e0tica, que la consideraven massa d&#8217;esquerres tot i la seva \u00e0mplia pluralitat pol\u00edtica. L&#8217;Assemblea va representar una fita pionera a tot l&#8217;Estat espanyol quant a acci\u00f3 unit\u00e0ria de forces prodemocr\u00e0tiques. Impuls\u00e0 nombroses mobilitzacions, campanyes i accions pol\u00edtiques de car\u00e0cter unitari, per\u00f2 va patir tamb\u00e9 importants cops repressius, com el del 28 d&#8217;octubre del 1973, quan 113 membres de la Comissi\u00f3 Permanent de l&#8217;Assemblea foren detinguts per la policia mentre celebraven una reuni\u00f3 clandestina a l&#8217;esgl\u00e9sia de Santa Maria Mitjancera.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>In 1971, during the dying years of the Franco dictatorship, the Church of Sant Agust\u00ed was the scene of a meeting to found the Assembly of Catalonia, an organisation bringing together various forces opposed to the Fascist regime.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On 7 November 1971, the first session of the Assembly of Catalonia, a united platform in the struggle against Franco, took place in this church. The Assembly was a clandestine organisation whose programme focused on four basic points: political freedoms, amnesty for political prisoners, provisional restoration of the 1932 Statute of Autonomy and coordination with other democratic forces throughout Spain. This programme was summed up in the slogan \u0093Freedom, Amnesty, Statute of Autonomy\u0094, which became a reference for the entire Catalan pro-democracy dissident movement. The Assembly of Catalonia provided a civic platform at which political parties shared the table with unions, residents\u0092 associations and all kinds of civil society organisations and associations.<\/p>\n<p>The platform performed important work in promoting united action and protest throughout Catalan territory, becoming the main framework for coordinating the anti-Franco movement and leading the main popular mobilisations during those times. However, the Assembly of Catalonia did not succeed in attracting more moderate sectors amongst the democratic opposition, which considered it too left-wing, despite its broad-based political plurality. The Assembly was a pioneering initiative in Spain as a whole in terms of uniting pro-democracy movements, promoting many united obilisations, campaigns and political actions. The association also suffered harsh repression on several occasions, such as the events of 28 October 1973, when police arrested 113 members of the Assembly\u0092s Permanent Committee whilst they took part in a clandestine meeting in the Church of Santa Maria Mitjancera.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#006273&#8243; background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD:\u00a0 FRANCOSIM<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb6974,6975,6976,6977&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.3&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; 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_builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#g5').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.gb5').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#g5\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.gb5').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbgb5&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#006273&#8243; body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #006273;\">5. <\/span>Liceu Theatre<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbg5&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text content_tablet=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22><strong>El Teatre del Liceu acoll\u00ed el dia 19 d&#8217;octubre del 1938 un concert ben\u00e8fic de Pau Casals per a la Societat d&#8217;Ajuda als Infants. El violoncel\u00b7lista va llegir unes paraules demanant ajuda per a l&#8217;adquisici\u00f3 de roba, aliments i medicaments per als infants i els ancians que estaven patint les conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies de la Guerra Civil.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>Pau Casals, m\u00fasic catal\u00e0 amb una gran projecci\u00f3 internacional, va mostrar sempre una actitud de defensa de la pau i la llibertat i una clara implicaci\u00f3 en accions humanit\u00e0ries, oferint nombrosos concerts ben\u00e8fics, com el que va tenir lloc al Teatre del Liceu en plena Guerra Civil. Aquest va ser l&#8217;\u00faltim concert de Pau Casals a Catalunya i Espanya abans d&#8217;exiliar-se, i el va fer per recaptar fons en benefici de la Societat d&#8217;Ajuda als Infants. El m\u00fasic va estar acompanyat per l&#8217;Orquestra Nacional de Concerts dirigida pel mestre P\u00e9rez Cases. A la mitja part del concert, el violoncel\u00b7lista va llegir unes paraules dirigides al poble americ\u00e0 demanant ajuda per l&#8217;adquisici\u00f3 de roba, aliments i medicaments per als infants i els ancians. El Teatre del Liceu estava totalment ple, i entre els assistents hi havia el president de la Rep\u00fablica, Manuel Aza\u00f1a, i el cap de govern Juan Negr\u00edn. Tamb\u00e9 hi van assistir els representants dels poders civils i militars de la Rep\u00fablica i de l&#8217;esfera intel\u00b7lectual i art\u00edstica. Despr\u00e9s del concert, Pau Casals es va reunir al Cercle del Liceu amb les autoritats assistents i altres personalitats del m\u00f3n pol\u00edtic, que el van felicitar per l&#8217;actuaci\u00f3 i pel comprom\u00eds amb el poble catal\u00e0.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>Amb el triomf franquista, Pau Casals va abandonar Espanya i pass\u00e0 a Fran\u00e7a, establint-se a Prada de Conflent. Durant la Segona Guerra Mundial va continuar portant a terme concerts ben\u00e8fics per ajudar als seus compatriotes exiliats, especialment els confinats a camps de concentraci\u00f3. Aquest comprom\u00eds amb els Drets Humans va provocar que fos proposat com a Premi Nobel de la Pau al 1958 i que al 1971 compos\u00e9s l&#8217;himne de les Nacions Unides.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>\u00bb content_phone=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22><strong>El Teatre del Liceu acoll\u00ed el dia 19 d&#8217;octubre del 1938 un concert ben\u00e8fic de Pau Casals per a la Societat d&#8217;Ajuda als Infants. El violoncel\u00b7lista va llegir unes paraules demanant ajuda per a l&#8217;adquisici\u00f3 de roba, aliments i medicaments per als infants i els ancians que estaven patint les conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies de la Guerra Civil.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>Pau Casals, m\u00fasic catal\u00e0 amb una gran projecci\u00f3 internacional, va mostrar sempre una actitud de defensa de la pau i la llibertat i una clara implicaci\u00f3 en accions humanit\u00e0ries, oferint nombrosos concerts ben\u00e8fics, com el que va tenir lloc al Teatre del Liceu en plena Guerra Civil. Aquest va ser l&#8217;\u00faltim concert de Pau Casals a Catalunya i Espanya abans d&#8217;exiliar-se, i el va fer per recaptar fons en benefici de la Societat d&#8217;Ajuda als Infants. El m\u00fasic va estar acompanyat per l&#8217;Orquestra Nacional de Concerts dirigida pel mestre P\u00e9rez Cases. A la mitja part del concert, el violoncel\u00b7lista va llegir unes paraules dirigides al poble americ\u00e0 demanant ajuda per l&#8217;adquisici\u00f3 de roba, aliments i medicaments per als infants i els ancians. El Teatre del Liceu estava totalment ple, i entre els assistents hi havia el president de la Rep\u00fablica, Manuel Aza\u00f1a, i el cap de govern Juan Negr\u00edn. Tamb\u00e9 hi van assistir els representants dels poders civils i militars de la Rep\u00fablica i de l&#8217;esfera intel\u00b7lectual i art\u00edstica. Despr\u00e9s del concert, Pau Casals es va reunir al Cercle del Liceu amb les autoritats assistents i altres personalitats del m\u00f3n pol\u00edtic, que el van felicitar per l&#8217;actuaci\u00f3 i pel comprom\u00eds amb el poble catal\u00e0.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>Amb el triomf franquista, Pau Casals va abandonar Espanya i pass\u00e0 a Fran\u00e7a, establint-se a Prada de Conflent. Durant la Segona Guerra Mundial va continuar portant a terme concerts ben\u00e8fics per ajudar als seus compatriotes exiliats, especialment els confinats a camps de concentraci\u00f3. Aquest comprom\u00eds amb els Drets Humans va provocar que fos proposat com a Premi Nobel de la Pau al 1958 i que al 1971 compos\u00e9s l&#8217;himne de les Nacions Unides.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>On 19 October 1938, a charity concert by Pau Casals for the Children\u0092s Aid Society took place at the Teatre del Liceu (Barcelona Opera House). During the performance, the great cellist read a few words asking for help to buy clothes, food and medicine for children and elderly people suffering from the consequences of the Civil War.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pau Casals, the internationally-renowned Catalan musician, always defended peace and freedom, as well as becoming involved in humanitarian actions, often performing charity concerts such as the one at the Teatre del Liceu in Barcelona at the height of the Civil War. Benefits from this concert, which was Casals\u0092 last in Catalonia and Spain before he went into exile, went to the Children\u0092s Aid Society. Half-way through the performance, in which he was accompanied by the National Concert Orchestra, conducted by P\u00e9rez Cases, the great cellist read a few words, addressed to the American people, asking for aid to purchase clothes, food and medicine for children and the elderly. The Teatre del Liceu opera house was packed, and those in the audience included Manuel Aza\u00f1a, president of the Republic, and Juan Negr\u00edn, head of the Republican Government. Representatives from the Republican civil and military establishment and intellectual and artistic circles were also in attendance. After the concert, Pau Casals met the authorities and other personalities from the world of politics at the Cercle del Liceu club, where he was congratulated on the performance and his commitment to the Catalan people.<\/p>\n<p>After the victory of Franco\u0092s armies, Pau Casals left Spain to take up residence in Prada de Conflent, France. During World War Two, he continued to perform at charity concerts in aid of his exiled fellow countrymen and women, particularly those confined in concentration camps. In recognition of this commitment to human rights, Casals was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1958 and commissioned to compose the Hymn of the United Nations in 1971.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#006273&#8243; background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb6981,6982,6983,6984&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; 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_builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#g6').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.gb6').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#g6\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.gb6').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbgb6&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#006273&#8243; body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #006273;\">6. <\/span>Les Drassanes Artillery Park<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbg6&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text content_tablet=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22><strong>El parc d&#8217;Artilleria de les Drassanes va ser un dels darrers indrets on foren ven\u00e7uts els militars sollevats el 19 de juliol del 1936, quan es produ\u00ed l&#8217;al\u00e7ament que signific\u00e0 l&#8217;inici de la Guerra Civil espanyola. Els enfrontaments en aquest punt van durar m\u00e9s de 24 hores.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>El mat\u00ed del 19 de juliol del 1936, amb l&#8217;ex\u00e8rcit sollevat al carrer, alguns sotsoficials de la guarnici\u00f3 del parc d&#8217;Artilleria de les Drassanes, que estaven afiliats a la Confederaci\u00f3 Nacional del Treball (CNT), van desobeir les ordres de sollevament i van intentar fer-se amb el control de la caserna des de l&#8217;interior. Van facilitar l&#8217;entrada a l&#8217;edifici d&#8217;un grup d&#8217;anarquistes i es van apoderar de metralladores, fusells i granades. Aquesta acci\u00f3 va obligar als oficials i soldats sollevats a refugiar-se en una altra part de l&#8217;edifici. L&#8217;armament confiscat, lliurat als fidels a la Rep\u00fablica, seria de gran utilitat per a l&#8217;assetjament de les Depend\u00e8ncies Militars i les Drassanes, essent aquest \u00faltim el darrer empla\u00e7ament que es va rendir.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>Degut a que la caserna de les Drassanes rebia el suport de les Depend\u00e8ncies Militars (actualment l&#8217;edifici del Govern Militar) i d&#8217;unes metralladores col\u00b7locades a la base del monument a Crist\u00f2fol Colom, va comportar als partidaris de la Rep\u00fablica una gran dificultat poder conquerir-lo. Durant la nit del mateix dia 19, els anarquistes van avan\u00e7ar posicions i van col\u00b7locar barricades davant de la caserna per poder realitzar l&#8217;atac definitiu a les Drassanes la matinada del dia 20.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>Ja al mat\u00ed del dia 20, un grup d&#8217;assalt va arribar fins a la porta posterior de l&#8217;edifici i va iniciar l&#8217;atac, el qual va ser rebutjat per una metralladora, ocasionant una vintena de baixes entre gu\u00e0rdies i ciutadans. Tot seguit, aquest grup d&#8217;assalt va rebre l&#8217;ajut d&#8217;aquells que s&#8217;havien fet, moments abans, amb el poder de les Depend\u00e8ncies Militars. El tinent Josep M. Colub\u00ed, que es trobava al capdavant de la caserna, va accedir a la rendici\u00f3 amb la condici\u00f3 de ser lliurat, juntament amb els seus soldats, a les forces d&#8217;ordre p\u00fablic. Tot i aix\u00ed, els assaltants no van respectar l&#8217;acord i van matar el tinent i altres soldats com a venjan\u00e7a de la mort, durant l&#8217;assalt a la caserna, de Francisco Ascaso, l\u00edder anarcosindicalista de la CNT-FAI, sense que les forces d&#8217;ordre p\u00fablic poguessin controlar la situaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>Acabada la guerra, una part de les casernes fou enderrocada. Des de l&#8217;any 1941 l&#8217;edifici de les antigues Drassanes acull la seu del Museu Mar\u00edtim de Barcelona.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>\u00bb content_phone=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22><strong>El parc d&#8217;Artilleria de les Drassanes va ser un dels darrers indrets on foren ven\u00e7uts els militars sollevats el 19 de juliol del 1936, quan es produ\u00ed l&#8217;al\u00e7ament que signific\u00e0 l&#8217;inici de la Guerra Civil espanyola. Els enfrontaments en aquest punt van durar m\u00e9s de 24 hores.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>El mat\u00ed del 19 de juliol del 1936, amb l&#8217;ex\u00e8rcit sollevat al carrer, alguns sotsoficials de la guarnici\u00f3 del parc d&#8217;Artilleria de les Drassanes, que estaven afiliats a la Confederaci\u00f3 Nacional del Treball (CNT), van desobeir les ordres de sollevament i van intentar fer-se amb el control de la caserna des de l&#8217;interior. Van facilitar l&#8217;entrada a l&#8217;edifici d&#8217;un grup d&#8217;anarquistes i es van apoderar de metralladores, fusells i granades. Aquesta acci\u00f3 va obligar als oficials i soldats sollevats a refugiar-se en una altra part de l&#8217;edifici. L&#8217;armament confiscat, lliurat als fidels a la Rep\u00fablica, seria de gran utilitat per a l&#8217;assetjament de les Depend\u00e8ncies Militars i les Drassanes, essent aquest \u00faltim el darrer empla\u00e7ament que es va rendir.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>Degut a que la caserna de les Drassanes rebia el suport de les Depend\u00e8ncies Militars (actualment l&#8217;edifici del Govern Militar) i d&#8217;unes metralladores col\u00b7locades a la base del monument a Crist\u00f2fol Colom, va comportar als partidaris de la Rep\u00fablica una gran dificultat poder conquerir-lo. Durant la nit del mateix dia 19, els anarquistes van avan\u00e7ar posicions i van col\u00b7locar barricades davant de la caserna per poder realitzar l&#8217;atac definitiu a les Drassanes la matinada del dia 20.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>Ja al mat\u00ed del dia 20, un grup d&#8217;assalt va arribar fins a la porta posterior de l&#8217;edifici i va iniciar l&#8217;atac, el qual va ser rebutjat per una metralladora, ocasionant una vintena de baixes entre gu\u00e0rdies i ciutadans. Tot seguit, aquest grup d&#8217;assalt va rebre l&#8217;ajut d&#8217;aquells que s&#8217;havien fet, moments abans, amb el poder de les Depend\u00e8ncies Militars. El tinent Josep M. Colub\u00ed, que es trobava al capdavant de la caserna, va accedir a la rendici\u00f3 amb la condici\u00f3 de ser lliurat, juntament amb els seus soldats, a les forces d&#8217;ordre p\u00fablic. Tot i aix\u00ed, els assaltants no van respectar l&#8217;acord i van matar el tinent i altres soldats com a venjan\u00e7a de la mort, durant l&#8217;assalt a la caserna, de Francisco Ascaso, l\u00edder anarcosindicalista de la CNT-FAI, sense que les forces d&#8217;ordre p\u00fablic poguessin controlar la situaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>Acabada la guerra, una part de les casernes fou enderrocada. Des de l&#8217;any 1941 l&#8217;edifici de les antigues Drassanes acull la seu del Museu Mar\u00edtim de Barcelona.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Drassanes Artillery Park -former shipyard- was one of the last places where rebel troops were defeated on 19 July 1936, when the uprising that led to the Spanish Civil War began. The fighting here lasted 24 hours.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On the morning of 19 July 1936, with the rebel army occupying the streets, several non-commissioned officers in the garrison at Drassanes artillery park, members of the National Confederation of Labour (CNT), disobeyed the order to rise against the Republic and attempted to take control of the barracks from inside. They allowed a group of anarchists in the building and seized machine guns, rifles and grenades. This forced the rebel officers and soldiers to take refuge in another part of the barracks. The confiscated weapons, handed out to those loyal to the Republic, was most useful in the siege of Military Facilities and Les Drassanes, which was the last rebel stronghold to surrender.<\/p>\n<p>Whilst the Drassanes barracks was receiving support from Military Facilities (which occupied what is now the Military Government building) and from machine guns emplaced around the monument to Columbus, it was extremely difficult for Republican fighters to take the site. During the night of July 19, the anarchists advanced their positions and built barricades outside the barracks from which they launched the final attack on Les Drassanes the next morning.<\/p>\n<p>That morning, of June 20, a group of assault guards reached the rear gates of the building and began the attack, which was repelled by a machine gun, causing a score of deaths amongst both troops and ordinary citizens. Suddenly, the attackers began to receive support from forces that had just managed to take control over Military Facilities. Lieutenant Josep M. Colub\u00ed, who was leading the forces in the barracks, agreed to surrender on condition that he and his soldiers were handed over to the forces of public order. However, the attackers did not fulfil the agreement and killed Colub\u00ed along with several other men in revenge for the death, during the assault on the barracks, of Francisco Ascaso, CNT-FAI anarcho-syndicalist leader, before the forces of public order were unable to bring the situation under control.<\/p>\n<p>After the war, part of the barracks was demolished. Since 1941 the building of the former shipyard hosts the Maritime Museum of Barcelona.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#006273&#8243; background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb6985,6986,6987,6988&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.3&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; 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custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb0px||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb collapsed=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{%22gcid-e1ffd448-5be5-4496-9ea6-934862244b17%22:%91%22background_color%22%93}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00bboff\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_close=\u00bbon\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00bbon\u00bb da_is_singular=\u00bboff\u00bb da_with_loader=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_shadow=\u00bbon\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.3&#8243; background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#g7').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.gb7').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#g7\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.gb7').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbgb7&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#006273&#8243; body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #006273;\">7. <\/span>Palau de la Divisi\u00f3 (Headquarters of the IV Military Region)<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbg7&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text content_tablet=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22><strong>El 19 de juliol del 1936, dia que els militars sollevats van sortir al carrer a Barcelona, el general Manuel Goded va viatjar des de Mallorca fins a la capital catalana amb l&#8217;objectiu de redirigir l&#8217;al\u00e7ament que estava fracassant. Un cop arribat a Barcelona es va despla\u00e7ar al Palau de la Divisi\u00f3 (Capitania General), des d&#8217;on va intentar aplicar diverses estrat\u00e8gies de lluita que van fracassar.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>A les 8 del mat\u00ed del 19 de juliol del 1936, amb l&#8217;aixecament militar iniciat per\u00f2 no proclamat, a les depend\u00e8ncies del Palau de la Divisi\u00f3, el general Fern\u00e1ndez Burriel va demanar al general Francisco Llano de la Encomienda -m\u00e0xima autoritat militar a Catalunya- que s&#8217;un\u00eds als sollevats, per\u00f2 aquest s&#8217;hi neg\u00e0 per fidelitat a la Rep\u00fablica. Quan el general Manuel Goded, comandant militar de les Illes Balears i partidari de l&#8217;al\u00e7ament, va tenir sota control Mallorca, va despla\u00e7ar-se fins a Barcelona per posar fi a la descoordinaci\u00f3 regnant entre les tropes sollevades. Quan va arribar al Palau de la Divisi\u00f3 va destituir i detenir el general Llano de la Encomienda.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>En rebre els informes sobre la lluita al carrer va comprovar que la situaci\u00f3 era cr\u00edtica, ja que cap dels objectius de les tropes rebels havien estat assolits: el Palau de la Generalitat, la Conselleria de Governaci\u00f3, l&#8217;edifici de la Telef\u00f3nica ni les emissores de r\u00e0dio. Mentrestant, un grup nombr\u00f3s de ciutadans i de gu\u00e0rdies d&#8217;assalt republicans feien cas de l&#8217;arenga pronunciada pel comandant Frederic Escofet, des del balc\u00f3 de la Comissaria General d&#8217;Ordre P\u00fablic, animant-los a assetjar el Palau de la Divisi\u00f3. Aleshores, el general Goded va posar-se en contacte amb el general Jos\u00e9 Aranguren, cap de la Gu\u00e0rdia Civil, perqu\u00e8 se sum\u00e9s al cop, per\u00f2 aquest s&#8217;hi neg\u00e0. Davant la negativa, fou el propi Goded qui telefon\u00e0 a la Conselleria de Governaci\u00f3 per negociar la seva rendici\u00f3 amb la sola condici\u00f3 que es lliuraria \u00fanicament a la Gu\u00e0rdia Civil. A continuaci\u00f3, els comandaments i els soldats van ser traslladats a la Conselleria de Governaci\u00f3. Pel que fa al general Goded, va ser traslladat al Palau de la Generalitat davant el president Llu\u00eds Companys, que els esperava al seu despatx.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>\u00bb content_phone=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22><strong>El 19 de juliol del 1936, dia que els militars sollevats van sortir al carrer a Barcelona, el general Manuel Goded va viatjar des de Mallorca fins a la capital catalana amb l&#8217;objectiu de redirigir l&#8217;al\u00e7ament que estava fracassant. Un cop arribat a Barcelona es va despla\u00e7ar al Palau de la Divisi\u00f3 (Capitania General), des d&#8217;on va intentar aplicar diverses estrat\u00e8gies de lluita que van fracassar.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>A les 8 del mat\u00ed del 19 de juliol del 1936, amb l&#8217;aixecament militar iniciat per\u00f2 no proclamat, a les depend\u00e8ncies del Palau de la Divisi\u00f3, el general Fern\u00e1ndez Burriel va demanar al general Francisco Llano de la Encomienda -m\u00e0xima autoritat militar a Catalunya- que s&#8217;un\u00eds als sollevats, per\u00f2 aquest s&#8217;hi neg\u00e0 per fidelitat a la Rep\u00fablica. Quan el general Manuel Goded, comandant militar de les Illes Balears i partidari de l&#8217;al\u00e7ament, va tenir sota control Mallorca, va despla\u00e7ar-se fins a Barcelona per posar fi a la descoordinaci\u00f3 regnant entre les tropes sollevades. Quan va arribar al Palau de la Divisi\u00f3 va destituir i detenir el general Llano de la Encomienda.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>En rebre els informes sobre la lluita al carrer va comprovar que la situaci\u00f3 era cr\u00edtica, ja que cap dels objectius de les tropes rebels havien estat assolits: el Palau de la Generalitat, la Conselleria de Governaci\u00f3, l&#8217;edifici de la Telef\u00f3nica ni les emissores de r\u00e0dio. Mentrestant, un grup nombr\u00f3s de ciutadans i de gu\u00e0rdies d&#8217;assalt republicans feien cas de l&#8217;arenga pronunciada pel comandant Frederic Escofet, des del balc\u00f3 de la Comissaria General d&#8217;Ordre P\u00fablic, animant-los a assetjar el Palau de la Divisi\u00f3. Aleshores, el general Goded va posar-se en contacte amb el general Jos\u00e9 Aranguren, cap de la Gu\u00e0rdia Civil, perqu\u00e8 se sum\u00e9s al cop, per\u00f2 aquest s&#8217;hi neg\u00e0. Davant la negativa, fou el propi Goded qui telefon\u00e0 a la Conselleria de Governaci\u00f3 per negociar la seva rendici\u00f3 amb la sola condici\u00f3 que es lliuraria \u00fanicament a la Gu\u00e0rdia Civil. A continuaci\u00f3, els comandaments i els soldats van ser traslladats a la Conselleria de Governaci\u00f3. Pel que fa al general Goded, va ser traslladat al Palau de la Generalitat davant el president Llu\u00eds Companys, que els esperava al seu despatx.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>On 19 July 1936, when the rebel troops occupied the streets of Barcelona, General Manuel Goded came to the Catalan capital from Majorca in order to reorganise the uprising, which was facing defeat. On reaching the city, he was taken to the Palau de la Divisi\u00f3 (Palace of the Division, General Army Headquarters), from where he tried to apply different strategies in a struggle that was doomed to fail.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>At 8 am on the morning of 19 July 1936, when the military uprising had begun but had not yet been proclaimed, at Palau de la Divisi\u00f3 headquarters, General Fern\u00e1ndez Burriel requested General Francisco Llano de la Encomienda, the highest military authority in Catalonia, to join the rebellion but, loyal to the Republic, the General refused. Once General Manuel Goded, military commander in the Balearic Islands and a supporter of the uprising, had Majorca under control, he went to Barcelona to end the lack of coordination that reigned amongst the rebel forces. On arriving at the Palau de la Divisi\u00f3, he relieved General Llano de la Encomienda of his duties and placed him under arrest.<\/p>\n<p>As soon as he received reports on the fighting in the streets, he realised that the situation was critical, as the rebel troops had achieved none of their objectives: the Palau de la Generalitat, the Ministry of Governance, the Telef\u00f3nica building and the radio stations. Meanwhile, a large group of citizens and republican assault guards had obeyed the appeal made by Commander Frederic Escofet from the balcony of General Public Order Headquarters to lay siege to the Palau de la Divisi\u00f3. Next, General Goded contacted General Jos\u00e9 Aranguren, head of the Civil Guard, calling on him to join the coup, but Aranguren refused. Faced by this refusal, Goded himself telephoned the Ministry of Governance to negotiate his surrender, with the single condition that he would give himself up only to the Civil Guard. Officers and men were than taken to the Ministry of Governance. As for General Goded, he was taken before President Llu\u00eds Companys, who was waiting for him in his office in the Palau de la Generalitat.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#006273&#8243; background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb6990,6991,6992,6993&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.3&#8243; 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background_color=\u00bbgcid-e1ffd448-5be5-4496-9ea6-934862244b17&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb0px||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb collapsed=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{%22gcid-e1ffd448-5be5-4496-9ea6-934862244b17%22:%91%22background_color%22%93}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00bboff\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_close=\u00bbon\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00bbon\u00bb da_is_singular=\u00bboff\u00bb da_with_loader=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_shadow=\u00bbon\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.3&#8243; background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#g8').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.gb8').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#g8\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.gb8').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbgb8&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#006273&#8243; body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #006273;\">8. <\/span>Barcelona City Hall<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbg8&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text content_tablet=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22><strong>La seu de l&#8217;Ajuntament de Barcelona \u00e9s, juntament amb el Palau de la Generalitat, un dels edificis hist\u00f2rics que ha viscut m\u00e9s episodis de la hist\u00f2ria de la ciutat. El 14 d&#8217;abril del 1931, per exemple, Llu\u00eds Companys va prendre possessi\u00f3 del c\u00e0rrec d&#8217;alcalde i va proclamar la Rep\u00fablica des del balc\u00f3 de l&#8217;Ajuntament de Barcelona. Gaireb\u00e9 50 anys m\u00e9s tard, el 19 d&#8217;abril del 1979, Narc\u00eds Serra i Serra, del Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya (PSC), va ser nomenat el primer alcalde escollit democr\u00e0ticament des de l&#8217;any 1939.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>Les eleccions municipals convocades el dia 12 d&#8217;abril del 1931 es van convertir en un plebiscit entre la rep\u00fablica i la monarquia. El dia 14 es coneixien els resultats, que donaven la vict\u00f2ria a l&#8217;oposici\u00f3. A la ciutat de Barcelona, Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya aconseguia la majoria. El dia 14 d&#8217;abril, Llu\u00eds Companys va prendre possessi\u00f3 del c\u00e0rrec d&#8217;alcalde i va proclamar la Rep\u00fablica a Catalunya des del balc\u00f3 de l&#8217;Ajuntament tot hissant la bandera republicana. A mesura que es coneixia la not\u00edcia, l&#8217;euf\u00f2ria va esclatar arreu i les manifestacions de joia ompliren la ciutat. La proclamaci\u00f3 de la Rep\u00fablica fou acollida amb esclats d&#8217;alegria perqu\u00e8 representava l&#8217;esperan\u00e7a d&#8217;una nova Espanya m\u00e9s moderna i justa, mentre que el rei Alfons XIII iniciava un exili voluntari.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>El 4 d&#8217;abril del 1979 van tenir lloc les primeres eleccions municipals des de la Guerra Civil. A Barcelona va guanyar el Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya (PSC), amb Narc\u00eds Serra al capdavant. El 19 d&#8217;abril es realitz\u00e0 la presa de possessi\u00f3 del c\u00e0rrec i, a continuaci\u00f3, el President de la Generalitat va fer entrega a Serra del bast\u00f3 de primer mandatari de la ciutat, que fou el primer alcalde de Barcelona elegit democr\u00e0ticament des del 1939. Els objectius estrat\u00e8gics del govern municipal foren, d&#8217;una banda, sanejar la hisenda, que estava greument hipotecada per la gesti\u00f3 dels darrers anys; i, de l&#8217;altra, plantejar un nou model urban\u00edstic i una nova carta municipal adequada al nou ordenament jur\u00eddic. A m\u00e9s, existien necessitats urgents que no havien satisfet els anteriors consistoris, com els serveis socials, una pol\u00edtica d&#8217;assist\u00e8ncia sanit\u00e0ria de proximitat, espais verds o instal\u00b7lacions esportives.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>\u00bb content_phone=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22><strong>La seu de l&#8217;Ajuntament de Barcelona \u00e9s, juntament amb el Palau de la Generalitat, un dels edificis hist\u00f2rics que ha viscut m\u00e9s episodis de la hist\u00f2ria de la ciutat. El 14 d&#8217;abril del 1931, per exemple, Llu\u00eds Companys va prendre possessi\u00f3 del c\u00e0rrec d&#8217;alcalde i va proclamar la Rep\u00fablica des del balc\u00f3 de l&#8217;Ajuntament de Barcelona. Gaireb\u00e9 50 anys m\u00e9s tard, el 19 d&#8217;abril del 1979, Narc\u00eds Serra i Serra, del Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya (PSC), va ser nomenat el primer alcalde escollit democr\u00e0ticament des de l&#8217;any 1939.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>Les eleccions municipals convocades el dia 12 d&#8217;abril del 1931 es van convertir en un plebiscit entre la rep\u00fablica i la monarquia. El dia 14 es coneixien els resultats, que donaven la vict\u00f2ria a l&#8217;oposici\u00f3. A la ciutat de Barcelona, Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya aconseguia la majoria. El dia 14 d&#8217;abril, Llu\u00eds Companys va prendre possessi\u00f3 del c\u00e0rrec d&#8217;alcalde i va proclamar la Rep\u00fablica a Catalunya des del balc\u00f3 de l&#8217;Ajuntament tot hissant la bandera republicana. A mesura que es coneixia la not\u00edcia, l&#8217;euf\u00f2ria va esclatar arreu i les manifestacions de joia ompliren la ciutat. La proclamaci\u00f3 de la Rep\u00fablica fou acollida amb esclats d&#8217;alegria perqu\u00e8 representava l&#8217;esperan\u00e7a d&#8217;una nova Espanya m\u00e9s moderna i justa, mentre que el rei Alfons XIII iniciava un exili voluntari.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>El 4 d&#8217;abril del 1979 van tenir lloc les primeres eleccions municipals des de la Guerra Civil. A Barcelona va guanyar el Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya (PSC), amb Narc\u00eds Serra al capdavant. El 19 d&#8217;abril es realitz\u00e0 la presa de possessi\u00f3 del c\u00e0rrec i, a continuaci\u00f3, el President de la Generalitat va fer entrega a Serra del bast\u00f3 de primer mandatari de la ciutat, que fou el primer alcalde de Barcelona elegit democr\u00e0ticament des del 1939. Els objectius estrat\u00e8gics del govern municipal foren, d&#8217;una banda, sanejar la hisenda, que estava greument hipotecada per la gesti\u00f3 dels darrers anys; i, de l&#8217;altra, plantejar un nou model urban\u00edstic i una nova carta municipal adequada al nou ordenament jur\u00eddic. A m\u00e9s, existien necessitats urgents que no havien satisfet els anteriors consistoris, com els serveis socials, una pol\u00edtica d&#8217;assist\u00e8ncia sanit\u00e0ria de proximitat, espais verds o instal\u00b7lacions esportives.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Barcelona City Hall is, with the Palau de la Generalitat (Government of Catalonia Palace), one of the historic buildings in the Catalan capital that have witnessed most episodes in the city\u0092s history. On 14 April 1931, for example, Llu\u00eds Companys took possession of the post of mayor and proclaimed the Republic from the balcony of the Barcelona City Council building. Nearly fifty years later, on 19 April 1979, Narc\u00eds Serra, of the Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSC), was appointed as the first mayor elected democratically since 1939.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The municipal elections called for 12 April 1931 turned into a plebiscite between the Republic and the monarchy. The results were made public on April 14, with the opposition proclaimed winners. In Barcelona, Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) won a majority. On April 14, Llu\u00eds Companys took possession of the mayorship and proclaimed the Republic in Catalonia from the balcony of the City Hall, raising the republican flag. As news of this spread, euphoria broke out everywhere, and celebrations took place all over the city. The proclamation of the Republic was so joyfully welcomed because it represented the hope of a new, fairer and more modern Spain. Meanwhile, King Alfonso XIII went into voluntary exile.<\/p>\n<p>The first municipal elections since the Civil War took place on 4 April 1979. In Barcelona, they were won by the Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSC), led by Narc\u00eds Serra. On April 19, Serra took possession of the mayorship, after which the president of the Catalan government presented the emblems of authority to the first democratically elected mayor of Barcelona since 1939. The strategic objectives of Serra\u0092s municipal authority was, firstly, to balance the city\u0092s finances, which had been seriously affected by misgovernment in recent years, and, secondly, to establish a new town planning model and a new municipal charter adapted to the new legal order. Moreover, the incoming City Council was also faced by urgent needs that previous governments had not satisfied, such as the provision of social services, a local health care policy, parks and gardens and sports facilities.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#006273&#8243; background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: SECOND REPUBLIC, TRANSITION<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb6995,6996,6997,6998&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; 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_builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#g9').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.gb9').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#g9\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.gb9').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbgb9&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#006273&#8243; body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #006273;\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #006273;\">9. <\/span>Palace of the Catalan Government<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbg9&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text content_tablet=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22><strong>El Palau de la Generalitat de Catalunya, com a seu del govern catal\u00e0, ha estat escenari de diversos fets cabdals de la hist\u00f2ria contempor\u00e0nia del pa\u00eds. El 14 d&#8217;abril del 1931, Francesc Maci\u00e0 proclam\u00e0, des del balc\u00f3 del Palau, la Rep\u00fablica Catalana. Anys m\u00e9s tard, durant l&#8217;aixecament militar del 19 de juliol del 1936 que signific\u00e0 l&#8217;inici de la Guerra Civil espanyola, el sollevat general Goded, despr\u00e9s de ser detingut, va ser condu\u00eft al Palau de la Generalitat, on va fer un comunicat per r\u00e0dio anunciant la seva rendici\u00f3. Quaranta anys despr\u00e9s, al balc\u00f3 del Palau es visqu\u00e9 un dels episodis m\u00e9s recordats de la hist\u00f2ria de Catalunya i que recolliren les c\u00e0meres de televisi\u00f3: el retorn de Josep Tarradellas com a president de la Generalitat restitu\u00efda que pronunci\u00e0 la hist\u00f2rica frase %22Ciutadans de Catalunya, ja s\u00f3c aqu\u00ed%22.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>El 14 d&#8217;abril del 1931, poc despr\u00e9s que Llu\u00eds Companys proclam\u00e9s la Rep\u00fablica des del balc\u00f3 de l&#8217;Ajuntament, Francesc Maci\u00e0, que va prendre possessi\u00f3 del Govern de Catalunya, va proclamar la Rep\u00fablica Catalana com a Estat integrant de la Federaci\u00f3 Ib\u00e8rica. Amb aquest gest volia atorgar centralitat a la q\u00fcesti\u00f3 catalana tot apostant per un proc\u00e9s de federalitzaci\u00f3 dels territoris que integraven l&#8217;Estat espanyol. En conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia, s&#8217;iniciaren intensos contactes amb el nou Govern republic\u00e0 espanyol i el president provisional Niceto Alcal\u00e1 Zamora. El dia 17 arribaven a Barcelona tres ministres del Govern espanyol per negociar i consensuar una sortida pol\u00edtica a la proclama de Maci\u00e0, la qual cosa supos\u00e0 la ren\u00fancia a la via federalista. A canvi s&#8217;instaurava un poder auton\u00f2mic que adoptava el nom hist\u00f2ric de Generalitat de Catalunya, que s&#8217;havia de dotar d&#8217;un estatut d&#8217;autonomia i que posteriorment havien de referendar els catalans i aprovar les Corts Espanyoles.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>Cinc anys m\u00e9s tard, el 19 de juliol del 1936, que signific\u00e0 l&#8217;inici de la Guerra Civil espanyola, un cop detingut el general Goded al Palau de la Divisi\u00f3, el president Companys va ordenar que fos condu\u00eft al seu despatx del Palau de la Generalitat. Companys li va exigir que comuniqu\u00e9s per r\u00e0dio la rendici\u00f3 i deman\u00e9s als militars sollevats el cessament dels combats. En un principi es va negar a anunciar el frac\u00e0s de l&#8217;al\u00e7ament militar, per\u00f2 finalment va accedir-hi. Per r\u00e0dio, va comunicar la seva detenci\u00f3 i deslliur\u00e0 de qualsevol comprom\u00eds els seus soldats per evitar m\u00e9s morts. Tot seguit, el president Companys anunci\u00e0 que la rebel\u00b7li\u00f3 havia estat sufocada i elogi\u00e0 les forces institucionals i civils que havien defensat el govern.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>D\u00e8cades despr\u00e9s, un cop mort el dictador, el Palau de la Generalitat visqu\u00e9 el retorn del president Josep Tarradellas, el dia 23 d&#8217;octubre del 1977. A les primeres eleccions democr\u00e0tiques del 1977, a Catalunya el triomf dels partits pol\u00edtics que inclo\u00efen en els programes reivindicacions rupturistes i auton\u00f2miques fou aclaparador. Per tal d&#8217;agafar la iniciativa pol\u00edtica, el president espanyol Adolfo Su\u00e1rez va recon\u00e8ixer la legitimitat hist\u00f2rica del president de la Generalitat a l&#8217;exili que el 27 de juny va viatjar a Madrid on s&#8217;entrevist\u00e0 amb Su\u00e1rez i amb el rei Joan Carles I. Tarradellas negoci\u00e0 aix\u00ed el restabliment formal de la Generalitat al marge de l&#8217;Assemblea de Parlamentaris votats a les eleccions del 1977. El 23 d&#8217;octubre del 1977, Tarradellas va arribar a Barcelona i, un cop al balc\u00f3 de la Generalitat, va pronunciar unes paraules que han passat a la hist\u00f2ria: %22Ciutadans de Catalunya, ja s\u00f3c aqu\u00ed%22. L&#8217;endem\u00e0, en pres\u00e8ncia d&#8217;Adolfo Su\u00e1rez, va prendre possessi\u00f3 del c\u00e0rrec de president de la Generalitat provisional.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>\u00bb content_phone=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22><strong>El Palau de la Generalitat de Catalunya, com a seu del govern catal\u00e0, ha estat escenari de diversos fets cabdals de la hist\u00f2ria contempor\u00e0nia del pa\u00eds. El 14 d&#8217;abril del 1931, Francesc Maci\u00e0 proclam\u00e0, des del balc\u00f3 del Palau, la Rep\u00fablica Catalana. Anys m\u00e9s tard, durant l&#8217;aixecament militar del 19 de juliol del 1936 que signific\u00e0 l&#8217;inici de la Guerra Civil espanyola, el sollevat general Goded, despr\u00e9s de ser detingut, va ser condu\u00eft al Palau de la Generalitat, on va fer un comunicat per r\u00e0dio anunciant la seva rendici\u00f3. Quaranta anys despr\u00e9s, al balc\u00f3 del Palau es visqu\u00e9 un dels episodis m\u00e9s recordats de la hist\u00f2ria de Catalunya i que recolliren les c\u00e0meres de televisi\u00f3: el retorn de Josep Tarradellas com a president de la Generalitat restitu\u00efda que pronunci\u00e0 la hist\u00f2rica frase %22Ciutadans de Catalunya, ja s\u00f3c aqu\u00ed%22.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>El 14 d&#8217;abril del 1931, poc despr\u00e9s que Llu\u00eds Companys proclam\u00e9s la Rep\u00fablica des del balc\u00f3 de l&#8217;Ajuntament, Francesc Maci\u00e0, que va prendre possessi\u00f3 del Govern de Catalunya, va proclamar la Rep\u00fablica Catalana com a Estat integrant de la Federaci\u00f3 Ib\u00e8rica. Amb aquest gest volia atorgar centralitat a la q\u00fcesti\u00f3 catalana tot apostant per un proc\u00e9s de federalitzaci\u00f3 dels territoris que integraven l&#8217;Estat espanyol. En conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia, s&#8217;iniciaren intensos contactes amb el nou Govern republic\u00e0 espanyol i el president provisional Niceto Alcal\u00e1 Zamora. El dia 17 arribaven a Barcelona tres ministres del Govern espanyol per negociar i consensuar una sortida pol\u00edtica a la proclama de Maci\u00e0, la qual cosa supos\u00e0 la ren\u00fancia a la via federalista. A canvi s&#8217;instaurava un poder auton\u00f2mic que adoptava el nom hist\u00f2ric de Generalitat de Catalunya, que s&#8217;havia de dotar d&#8217;un estatut d&#8217;autonomia i que posteriorment havien de referendar els catalans i aprovar les Corts Espanyoles.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>Cinc anys m\u00e9s tard, el 19 de juliol del 1936, que signific\u00e0 l&#8217;inici de la Guerra Civil espanyola, un cop detingut el general Goded al Palau de la Divisi\u00f3, el president Companys va ordenar que fos condu\u00eft al seu despatx del Palau de la Generalitat. Companys li va exigir que comuniqu\u00e9s per r\u00e0dio la rendici\u00f3 i deman\u00e9s als militars sollevats el cessament dels combats. En un principi es va negar a anunciar el frac\u00e0s de l&#8217;al\u00e7ament militar, per\u00f2 finalment va accedir-hi. Per r\u00e0dio, va comunicar la seva detenci\u00f3 i deslliur\u00e0 de qualsevol comprom\u00eds els seus soldats per evitar m\u00e9s morts. Tot seguit, el president Companys anunci\u00e0 que la rebel\u00b7li\u00f3 havia estat sufocada i elogi\u00e0 les forces institucionals i civils que havien defensat el govern.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>D\u00e8cades despr\u00e9s, un cop mort el dictador, el Palau de la Generalitat visqu\u00e9 el retorn del president Josep Tarradellas, el dia 23 d&#8217;octubre del 1977. A les primeres eleccions democr\u00e0tiques del 1977, a Catalunya el triomf dels partits pol\u00edtics que inclo\u00efen en els programes reivindicacions rupturistes i auton\u00f2miques fou aclaparador. Per tal d&#8217;agafar la iniciativa pol\u00edtica, el president espanyol Adolfo Su\u00e1rez va recon\u00e8ixer la legitimitat hist\u00f2rica del president de la Generalitat a l&#8217;exili que el 27 de juny va viatjar a Madrid on s&#8217;entrevist\u00e0 amb Su\u00e1rez i amb el rei Joan Carles I. Tarradellas negoci\u00e0 aix\u00ed el restabliment formal de la Generalitat al marge de l&#8217;Assemblea de Parlamentaris votats a les eleccions del 1977. El 23 d&#8217;octubre del 1977, Tarradellas va arribar a Barcelona i, un cop al balc\u00f3 de la Generalitat, va pronunciar unes paraules que han passat a la hist\u00f2ria: %22Ciutadans de Catalunya, ja s\u00f3c aqu\u00ed%22. L&#8217;endem\u00e0, en pres\u00e8ncia d&#8217;Adolfo Su\u00e1rez, va prendre possessi\u00f3 del c\u00e0rrec de president de la Generalitat provisional.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>The Palau de la Generalitat (Government of Catalonia Palace) has been the site of several key events in the contemporary history of the country. On 14 April 1931, Francesc Maci\u00e0 proclaimed from the balcony, the Catalan Republic.\u00a0Years later, during the military uprising of 19 July 1936 that sparked the beginning of the Spanish Civil War, the rebel General Goded was arrested and taken to the Palau to announce his surrender. Forty years later, the balcony of the Palau was the scene of one of the most memorable episodes in Catalan history: the return of Josep Tarradellas from exile as the president of Catalonia.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On 14 April 1931, shortly after Llu\u00eds Companys had proclaimed the Republic from the balcony of the City Hall, Francesc Maci\u00e0, who had just taken possession as president of the Catalan Government, also proclaimed the Catalan Republic as a Member State of the Iberian Federation. The aim of this gesture was to make the Catalan question a central issue, opening up a process that would lead towards the establishment of a federal Spanish State. To this end, intense negotiations began with the new Spanish Republican Government and its provisional president, Niceto Alcal\u00e1 Zamora. On April 17, three Spanish ministers arrived in Barcelona for talks aimed at agreeing a political solution to Maci\u00e0\u0092s proclamation, which entailed giving up federalist ideas. In exchange, autonomous powers were granted, with the Catalan executive taking on the historic name of Generalitat de Catalunya, which would be furnished with a statute of autonomy requiring the approval of both the Catalan people, in a referendum, and the Spanish Parliament.<\/p>\n<p>Five years later, on 19 July 1936, the date on which the Spanish Civil War broke out, General Goded was arrested at the Palau de la Divisi\u00f3. President Companys ordered the rebel commander to be brought to his office in the Palau de la Generalitat. There, Companys demanded that Goded announce his surrender on the radio and order all rebel forces to cease hostilities. At first, the General refused to announce the failure of the military uprising, but he finally agreed. By radio, he confirmed his arrest and, in order to prevent more bloodshed, released his soldiers from all commitments. President Companys then announced that the revolt had been quashed, praising the institutional and civil forces that had defended the government.<\/p>\n<p>Decades later, on 23 October 1977, following the death of the dictator, the Palau de la Generalitat witnessed the return of President Josep Tarradellas. In Catalonia, the parties with programmes aimed at a break with Spain and vindications of greater autonomy won a resounding victory at the first democratic elections in 1977. In order to seize the political initiative, the Spanish president, Adolfo Su\u00e1rez, recognised the historic legitimacy of the president of the Generalitat in exile. On June 27, President Josep Tarradellas went to Madrid to meet Su\u00e1rez and King Juan Carlos I. There, Tarradellas negotiated the formal restoration of Generalitat, independently of the Assembly of Parliamentarians elected in 1977. On 23 October 1977, Tarradellas reached Barcelona and, from the balcony of the Palau de la Generalitat, said the words that have gone down in history: \u0093Citizens of Catalonia, I am here\u0094. The next day, in a ceremony attended by Adolfo Su\u00e1rez, Tarradellas was invested as president of the provisional Generalitat.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#006273&#8243; background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: SECOND REPUBLIC, CIVIL WAR, TRANSITION<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb7001,7002,7003,7004&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; 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background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#m10').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.b10').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#m10\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.b10').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbb10&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|||50px|false|false\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bboff|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#006273&#8243; body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #006273;\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #006273;\">10.<\/span> Bar del Pi<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbm10&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text content_tablet=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22><strong>El 23 de juliol del 1936, representants de diferents partits socialistes i comunistes es van reunir al bar del Pi, a la pla\u00e7a de Sant Josep Oriol, per formar el Partit Socialista Unificat de Catalunya (PSUC). Avui, el bar del Pi continua obert i al seu interior s&#8217;hi pot veure una placa commemorativa col\u00b7locada el 2001 amb motiu del 65\u00e8 aniversari de la fundaci\u00f3 del PSUC.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>Arran dels Fets del 6 d&#8217;octubre del 1934, les organitzacions catalanes d&#8217;esquerres crearen el Front d&#8217;Esquerres i un Comit\u00e8 d&#8217;Enlla\u00e7 dels diversos partits obrers de Catalunya. Aquest va programar la fundaci\u00f3 del PSUC per al dia 26 d&#8217;agost del 1936, per\u00f2 l&#8217;aixecament militar que supos\u00e0 l&#8217;inici de la Guerra Civil espanyola va accelerar-ne el proc\u00e9s i els quatre partits que en formaven part (Partit Comunista de Catalunya, Federaci\u00f3 Catalana del PSOE, Partit Catal\u00e0 Proletari i Uni\u00f3 Socialista de Catalunya) van nomenar els seus representants per a la constituci\u00f3 del primer comit\u00e8 executiu. Joan Comorera va ser nomenat secretari general de l&#8217;organitzaci\u00f3. Es creava aix\u00ed un partit marxista leninista amb autonomia davant del Partit Comunista Espanyol (PCE), ja que va esdevenir la Secci\u00f3 catalana de la Internacional Comunista, trencant aix\u00ed un principi intocable d&#8217;aquesta organitzaci\u00f3: %22Un Estat, un partit%22.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>Durant la Guerra Civil espanyola, el PSUC va esdevenir un agent clau. El 21 de juliol del 1936 es cre\u00e0 el Comit\u00e8 Central de Mil\u00edcies Antifeixistes, on el PSUC va fer el paper de sintetitzar les opinions a favor d&#8217;un objectiu principal: guanyar la guerra als feixistes i aconseguir aix\u00ed una democr\u00e0cia m\u00e9s s\u00f2lida i avan\u00e7ada en drets socials. Aix\u00f2 el va fer enfrontar-se a la CNT-FAI, m\u00e9s partid\u00e0ries de fer la revoluci\u00f3. El PSUC va anar adquirint cada vegada m\u00e9s import\u00e0ncia: pass\u00e0 de 6.000 afiliats el 1936 a 60.000 l&#8217;any seg\u00fcent. Aquest pes pol\u00edtic i social durant el conflicte b\u00e8l\u00b7lic ve donat tant pel paper d&#8217;organitzador enmig del caos revolucionari com per la identificaci\u00f3 dels comunistes amb l&#8217;ajut que la Rep\u00fablica rebia de la URSS.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>En acabar la Guerra Civil, el PSUC va seguir actiu a l&#8217;exili. Al 1948 va abandonar la lluita armada per continuar amb la pol\u00edtica clandestina. A partir dels anys seixanta, despr\u00e9s de reestructuracions ideol\u00f2giques i organitzatives, esdevingu\u00e9 un dels partits m\u00e9s importants de l&#8217;oposici\u00f3 antifranquista a Catalunya i, m\u00e9s tard, de la transici\u00f3 democr\u00e0tica.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>On 23 July 1936, representatives from several socialist and communist parties met at the Bar del Pi in Pla\u00e7a de Sant Josep Oriol to form the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC). The Bar del Pi is still open today and, in 2001, a commemorative plaque was installed in the bar in 2001 to mark the 65th anniversary of the founding of the PSUC.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Following the Events of 6 October 1934, Catalan left-wing organisations set up the Left Front and a Liaison Committee amongst the various working class parties in Catalonia. This Committee planned the founding of the PSUC for 26 August 1936, but the uprising military that sparked the Spanish Civil War accelerated the process, and the four parties involved (the Communist Party of Catalonia, the Catalan Federation of the PSOE, the Catalan Proletarian Party and the Socialist Union of Catalonia) appointed their representatives on the first executive committee of the new organisation. Joan Comorera was elected as the general secretary of what was a Leninist party independent of the Spanish Communist Party (PCE), as the PSUC became the Catalan section of the Communist International, breaking the latter\u0092s formerly unchangeable principle of \u0093One State, one party\u0094.<\/p>\n<p>During the Spanish Civil War, the PSUC became a key player. When, on 21 July 1936, the Central Committee of Anti-Fascist Militias was set up, the PSUC took on the role of guiding opinions towards one main goal: to win the war against the fascists and establish a stronger democracy with more social rights. This was what led the new party into the conflict with CNT-FAI, which favoured the idea of making the revolution. The PSUC gradually rose to increasing size and importance: its 6,000-strong membership in 1936 rose to 60,000 the next year. The leading social and political position that the party enjoyed during the Civil War was due both to the organisational role it played amid the revolutionary chaos and the identification of the Communists with the aid that the Republic received from the USSR.<\/p>\n<p>After the end of the Civil War, the PSUC continued to be active in exile. In 1948, the party gave up the armed struggle to continue the clandestine political battle. In the 1960s, after ideological and organisational restructuring, the PSUC became one of the most important parties in the anti-Franco opposition in Catalonia and, later, during the Democratic Transition.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#006273&#8243; background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbright\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">PERIOD: CIVIL WAR<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb7006,7007,7009,7010&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; 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custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbGot 11&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.3&#8243; background_color=\u00bbgcid-e1ffd448-5be5-4496-9ea6-934862244b17&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb0px||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb collapsed=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{%22gcid-e1ffd448-5be5-4496-9ea6-934862244b17%22:%91%22background_color%22%93}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00bboff\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_close=\u00bbon\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00bbon\u00bb da_is_singular=\u00bboff\u00bb da_with_loader=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_shadow=\u00bbon\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.3&#8243; background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; 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header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|||50px|false|false\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bboff|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#006273&#8243; body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #006273;\">11. <\/span>Parish Church of Sant Felip Neri<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbg11&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text content_tablet=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22><strong>La pla\u00e7a de Sant Felip Neri fou greument afectada pel dur\u00edssim atac que l&#8217;aviaci\u00f3 feixista va efectuar contra el centre de la ciutat de Barcelona el dia 30 de gener de 1938, causant la mort a 210 persones i ferides a 125. Part de la parr\u00f2quia de Sant Felip Neri es va enfonsar causant diversos morts entre els infants del barri i de la resta d&#8217;Espanya que hi estaven refugiats.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>El 30 de gener, els barcelonins es van aixecar amb el so de l&#8217;alarma antia\u00e8ria, que continuaria sonant fins a les dotze del migdia. El primer bombardeig va comen\u00e7ar a les 9.00 h i el segon, al voltant de les 11.30. Es van llen\u00e7ar bombes de gran pot\u00e8ncia i capacitat destructiva, moltes de 250 kg. L&#8217;indret m\u00e9s afectat per aquests atacs va ser el nucli antic de la ciutat, entre el Parlament de Catalunya i la Catedral.\u00c9s molt probable que l&#8217;objectiu dels atacs fos destruir el Palau de la Generalitat, que no va sofrir cap dany.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>Un dels punts m\u00e9s afectats va ser la pla\u00e7a de Sant Felip Neri, on el soterrani de la sagristia s&#8217;havia condicionat com a refugi. En aquest espai, Protecci\u00f3 de Menors hi acollia m\u00e9s d&#8217;una vintena de nens de la resta d&#8217;Espanya que havien arribat a Barcelona fugint dels ocupants, aix\u00ed com altres infants ve\u00efns del barri. La volta del refugi semblava ser de pedra, com les parets, per\u00f2 era una falsa volta de rajola i, en caure un ob\u00fas, tot l&#8217;espai es va enfonsar. A la mateixa pla\u00e7a, dues cases m\u00e9s van ser derru\u00efdes i la fa\u00e7ana de l&#8217;esgl\u00e9sia va quedar crivellada per la metralla de les bombes, tal com avui dia encara es pot observar. Despr\u00e9s de la guerra les autoritats franquistes van difondre la idea que aquestes marques eren d&#8217;afusellaments perpetrats per la Rep\u00fablica.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>A partir d&#8217;aquest bombardeig, que va causar m\u00e9s de 200 v\u00edctimes mortals, es va intentar negociar per evitar aquest tipus d&#8217;atac indiscriminat. El govern republic\u00e0 va contactar amb el govern brit\u00e0nic per intentar que la comunitat internacional intimid\u00e9s la causa franquista. Es va aconseguir que durant el mes de febrer pr\u00e0cticament no hi hagu\u00e9s atacs, per\u00f2 el mes de mar\u00e7 se&#8217;n van produir de nous i d&#8217;unes dimensions superiors.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>\u00bb content_phone=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22><strong>La pla\u00e7a de Sant Felip Neri fou greument afectada pel dur\u00edssim atac que l&#8217;aviaci\u00f3 feixista va efectuar contra el centre de la ciutat de Barcelona el dia 30 de gener de 1938, causant la mort a 210 persones i ferides a 125. Part de la parr\u00f2quia de Sant Felip Neri es va enfonsar causant diversos morts entre els infants del barri i de la resta d&#8217;Espanya que hi estaven refugiats.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>El 30 de gener, els barcelonins es van aixecar amb el so de l&#8217;alarma antia\u00e8ria, que continuaria sonant fins a les dotze del migdia. El primer bombardeig va comen\u00e7ar a les 9.00 h i el segon, al voltant de les 11.30. Es van llen\u00e7ar bombes de gran pot\u00e8ncia i capacitat destructiva, moltes de 250 kg. L&#8217;indret m\u00e9s afectat per aquests atacs va ser el nucli antic de la ciutat, entre el Parlament de Catalunya i la Catedral.\u00c9s molt probable que l&#8217;objectiu dels atacs fos destruir el Palau de la Generalitat, que no va sofrir cap dany.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>Un dels punts m\u00e9s afectats va ser la pla\u00e7a de Sant Felip Neri, on el soterrani de la sagristia s&#8217;havia condicionat com a refugi. En aquest espai, Protecci\u00f3 de Menors hi acollia m\u00e9s d&#8217;una vintena de nens de la resta d&#8217;Espanya que havien arribat a Barcelona fugint dels ocupants, aix\u00ed com altres infants ve\u00efns del barri. La volta del refugi semblava ser de pedra, com les parets, per\u00f2 era una falsa volta de rajola i, en caure un ob\u00fas, tot l&#8217;espai es va enfonsar. A la mateixa pla\u00e7a, dues cases m\u00e9s van ser derru\u00efdes i la fa\u00e7ana de l&#8217;esgl\u00e9sia va quedar crivellada per la metralla de les bombes, tal com avui dia encara es pot observar. Despr\u00e9s de la guerra les autoritats franquistes van difondre la idea que aquestes marques eren d&#8217;afusellaments perpetrats per la Rep\u00fablica.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>A partir d&#8217;aquest bombardeig, que va causar m\u00e9s de 200 v\u00edctimes mortals, es va intentar negociar per evitar aquest tipus d&#8217;atac indiscriminat. El govern republic\u00e0 va contactar amb el govern brit\u00e0nic per intentar que la comunitat internacional intimid\u00e9s la causa franquista. Es va aconseguir que durant el mes de febrer pr\u00e0cticament no hi hagu\u00e9s atacs, per\u00f2 el mes de mar\u00e7 se&#8217;n van produir de nous i d&#8217;unes dimensions superiors.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pla\u00e7a de Sant Felip Neri was seriously damaged during the bombing raid by the Fascist air force in the city centre of Barcelona on January 30 1938, killing 210 people and wounding 125. Part of the Parish Church of Sant Felip Neri collapsed, causing the death of several children from the neighbourhood and the rest of Spain who had taken refuge there.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On January 30, the people of Barcelona awoke to the sound of air-raid sirens, which continued to be heard until noon. The first bombing raid began at 9 pm, the second at around 11.30. The bombs that the planes dropped were high power, with enormous destructive power, some weighing 250 kg. The site worst affected by these attacks was the old town, between the Catalan Parliament and Barcelona Cathedral. It is likely that the target was to destroy the Palau de la Generalitat, which was not, in fact, damaged.<\/p>\n<p>One of the worst affected points was Pla\u00e7a de Sant Felip Neri, where a shelter had been built under the sacristy of the church. Here, the Child Protection agency was in charge of a score or more children from the rest of Spain, who had come to the city as refugees, and a group of local children. The roof of this shelter looked as if it were made of stone, like the walls, but it was a false ceiling built from tiles and, when a shell hit it, the whole structure collapsed. Two other buildings in the square were also destroyed, and the church front was pockmarked by shrapnel from the bombs, as we can still see today. After the war, the Franco regime authorities spread the idea that these marks were the result of executions by firing squad carried out by the Republic.<\/p>\n<p>After this bombing raid, in which more than 200 people were killed, attempts were made to negotiate in order to prevent such indiscriminate attacks. The Republican Government urged the British Government to persuade the international community to warn the fascist forces. As a result, there were practically no similar raids in February, but new and larger raids began again in March.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#006273&#8243; background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb7011,7012,7013,7014&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.3&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; 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_builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#g12').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.gb12').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#g12\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.gb12').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbgb12&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|||50px|false|false\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bboff|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#006273&#8243; body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #006273;\">12. <\/span>Barcelona Cathedral<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbg12&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text content_tablet=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22><strong>Durant la matinada del 19 de juliol del 1938, sis avions italians van bombardejar la ciutat. L&#8217;atac va causar 3 v\u00edctimes mortals i la destrucci\u00f3 de la c\u00fapula de Santa Eul\u00e0lia de la Catedral.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>El 19 de juliol, a les 2.30 h, sis avions italians Savoia S.81 van iniciar un atac sobre la ciutat de Barcelona seguit d&#8217;una segona incursi\u00f3 a les 4.15 h. Entre les zones afectades destaca la bomba de 150 kg que va caure sobre la c\u00fapula de Santa Eul\u00e0lia de la Catedral de Barcelona, obra g\u00f2tica del segle XIII i element simb\u00f2lic de la ciutat.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>Durant la guerra, i per iniciativa de Carles Pi i Sunyer, Conseller de Cultura de la Generalitat de Catalunya que anteriorment havia estat alcalde de Barcelona, es van portar a terme diverses accions per protegir el patrimoni cultural i art\u00edstic de la ciutat. S&#8217;evit\u00e0 aix\u00ed que grups d&#8217;incontrolats cremessin edificis eclesi\u00e0stics com el monestir de Pedralbes o la Catedral, per\u00f2 no fou possible salvaguardar el patrimoni davant els atacs de l&#8217;aviaci\u00f3 enemiga. Malgrat tot, en alguns casos es van dur a terme obres per protegir monuments i les fa\u00e7anes d&#8217;alguns edificis, per evitar que la metralla de les bombes a\u00e8ries les fes malb\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>El bombardeig sobre la Catedral no va ocasionar desperfectes a la tomba de Santa Eul\u00e0lia justament per les mesures de protecci\u00f3 a les que havia estat sotmesa, per\u00f2 s\u00ed que va afectar una de les voltes de l&#8217;interior, el cor, algunes capelles laterals i diversos vitralls que no van resistir l&#8217;explosi\u00f3, aix\u00ed com valuoses obres d&#8217;art. Despr\u00e9s de la Guerra Civil, els voltants de la Catedral van ser sotmesos a una profunda transformaci\u00f3 urban\u00edstica a conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia de les destrosses provocades pel conflicte b\u00e8l\u00b7lic. L&#8217;avinguda de la Catedral s&#8217;eixampl\u00e0 considerablement i alguns edificis nobles es desmuntaren pedra a pedra per ser reconstru\u00efts en nous empla\u00e7aments del Barri G\u00f2tic.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>\n<p style=%22text-align: justify;%22>\u00bb content_phone=\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22><strong>Durant la matinada del 19 de juliol del 1938, sis avions italians van bombardejar la ciutat. L&#8217;atac va causar 3 v\u00edctimes mortals i la destrucci\u00f3 de la c\u00fapula de Santa Eul\u00e0lia de la Catedral.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>El 19 de juliol, a les 2.30 h, sis avions italians Savoia S.81 van iniciar un atac sobre la ciutat de Barcelona seguit d&#8217;una segona incursi\u00f3 a les 4.15 h. Entre les zones afectades destaca la bomba de 150 kg que va caure sobre la c\u00fapula de Santa Eul\u00e0lia de la Catedral de Barcelona, obra g\u00f2tica del segle XIII i element simb\u00f2lic de la ciutat.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>Durant la guerra, i per iniciativa de Carles Pi i Sunyer, Conseller de Cultura de la Generalitat de Catalunya que anteriorment havia estat alcalde de Barcelona, es van portar a terme diverses accions per protegir el patrimoni cultural i art\u00edstic de la ciutat. S&#8217;evit\u00e0 aix\u00ed que grups d&#8217;incontrolats cremessin edificis eclesi\u00e0stics com el monestir de Pedralbes o la Catedral, per\u00f2 no fou possible salvaguardar el patrimoni davant els atacs de l&#8217;aviaci\u00f3 enemiga. Malgrat tot, en alguns casos es van dur a terme obres per protegir monuments i les fa\u00e7anes d&#8217;alguns edificis, per evitar que la metralla de les bombes a\u00e8ries les fes malb\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>El bombardeig sobre la Catedral no va ocasionar desperfectes a la tomba de Santa Eul\u00e0lia justament per les mesures de protecci\u00f3 a les que havia estat sotmesa, per\u00f2 s\u00ed que va afectar una de les voltes de l&#8217;interior, el cor, algunes capelles laterals i diversos vitralls que no van resistir l&#8217;explosi\u00f3, aix\u00ed com valuoses obres d&#8217;art. Despr\u00e9s de la Guerra Civil, els voltants de la Catedral van ser sotmesos a una profunda transformaci\u00f3 urban\u00edstica a conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia de les destrosses provocades pel conflicte b\u00e8l\u00b7lic. L&#8217;avinguda de la Catedral s&#8217;eixampl\u00e0 considerablement i alguns edificis nobles es desmuntaren pedra a pedra per ser reconstru\u00efts en nous empla\u00e7aments del Barri G\u00f2tic.<\/p>\n<p style=%22text-align: left;%22>\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|phone\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>In the early hours of 19 July 1938, six Italian airplanes bombed the city. The raid caused three deaths and the destruction of the Dome of Santa Eul\u00e0lia in Barcelona Cathedral.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>At 2.30 pm on July 19, six Italian Savoia S.81 planes began a raid on Barcelona, which was followed by another attack at 4.15 pm. In the area worst affected, a 150 kg bomb fell on the Dome of Santa Eul\u00e0lia in Barcelona Cathedral, a 13th-century Gothic work and outstanding symbol of the city.<\/p>\n<p>During the war, and at the initiative of Carles Pi i Sunyer, Ministry of Culture in the Catalan Government and former mayor of Barcelona, a series of measures were implemented to protect the city\u0092s cultural and artistic heritage. This prevented uncontrolled groups from burning down religious buildings such as the Monastery of Pedralbes and the Cathedral, but it was not possible to safeguard heritage against enemy air raids. Nonetheless, works were carried out to protect certain monuments and fa\u00e7ades, preventing them from shrapnel damage.<\/p>\n<p>The tomb of Saint Eul\u00e0lia was not affected by the bombing of the Cathedral, but damage was caused to one of the interior arches, the choir, several side chapels and many staned-glass windows, which were shattered by the force of the explosion, as well as several art works. After the Civil War, the area around the Cathedral was redeveloped due to the destruction that had been caused. Avinguda de la Catedral was considerably widened, and several outstanding buildings were transferred, stone by stone, to new sites in the Gothic Quarter.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#006273&#8243; background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb7015,7016,7017,7018&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.3&#8243; 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_module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb header_font=\u00bb|||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|700||on|||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb20px\u00bb background_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb10px|15px||15px|false|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb10px|15px||15px|false|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb10px|15px|0px|15px|false|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|5px|5px|5px|5px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h2>Gr\u00e0cia<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00bb1_3,2_3&#8243; use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb2&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; 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text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pla\u00e7a de les Dones del 36 is dedicated to the \u201cWomen of 36\u201d, a generic term that refers to all the women and children of courage who were affected by the Second Republic, the Civil War, Francoist repression and even the Nazi horror. Citizens who played their part in defending republican legality, freedoms, democratic values and women\u2019s rights.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>During the Second Republic (1931-1939), this heterogeneous women\u2019s group campaigned for a fairer, more equal society in several fields: education, politics, unions, etc. During the Civil War (1936-1939), the group played an active role in defending freedoms, both at the front and in the rearguard. Finally, during the Franco dictatorship (1939-1975), they suffered repression at the hands of the regime, and many were imprisoned. The association<\/p>\n<p>\u00abLes Dones del 36\u00bb [\u201cWomen of 36\u201d] was founded in 1997 with a view to bringing together different female voices that had played a leading role in defending such values. After decades of silence imposed by the dictatorship and the early years of democracy, these anonymous fighters were given a space from which to transmit their experience to citizens, particularly the younger generations. The association was formed by women between 60 and 80 years (most in their 60s) that had been in the militias, or worked as nurses, or factory workers to replace men at the front, or had been exiled or members of left-wing political parties, etc. The group originally formed as a one-year project but, after receiving Barcelona City Council\u2019s annual Maria Aur\u00e8lia Capmany Prize in 1997, their work was able to continue for another ten years, until the advanced age of the members forced them to retire.<\/p>\n<p>This square was officially opened in August 2009, not without controversy, as the local residents interpreted the fence that was locked around it at night prevented free use of the public space. The members of the association \u201cLes dones del 36\u201d also lodged a formal complaint with the City Council, noting that the fence was reminiscent of repression under Franco. Despite these criticisms, since it was inaugurated the square has become an important venue for cultural and civic events in the Gr\u00e0cia neighbourhood.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#ea5e23&#8243; background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10047,10048,10045,10046&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; 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_builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#gr2').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.grb2').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#gr2\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.grb2').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbgrb2&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#ea5e23&#8243; body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ea5e23;\">2.\u00a0<\/span>Air raid shelter in Pla\u00e7a del Diamant<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbgr2&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; 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text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>More than 1,400 air-raid shelters were built in Barcelona during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) to protect the population against Fascist bombing. The shelter in Pla\u00e7a del Diamant, built by local residents, was 12 metres deep.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The air raid shelter in Pla\u00e7a del Diamant, which was dug using picks and shovels, was one of the largest in the city. It was formed by a 250-metre network of tunnels that stretched under both the square and Carrer de les Guilleries, and had capacity for around 200 people. The walls were lined with brick and, as in most shelters built in Barcelona, the Catalan arch system was used in construction. The facilities included stone benches, lavatories and a small infirmary.<\/p>\n<p>The shelter was rediscovered in 1992, when a power station was built and, thanks to the petition of local people was conserved an opened to the public with clear educational purposes. During rehabilitation work, the second entrance was also restored and a new lighting system was installed. Two glass skylights were also installed to provide light and ventilation. Today, Gr\u00e0cia History Workshop organises guided tours of the shelter.<\/p>\n<p>The square itself is an emblematic Civil War site. Besides housing the air raid shelter, its name was also used as the title for one of the best-known novels in contemporary Catalan literature: La Pla\u00e7a del Diamant by Merc\u00e8 Rodoreda. Set in the times of the Second Republic and the Civil War, the book is entitled The Time of the Doves in English.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#ea5e23&#8243; background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10050,10049,10051,10052&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbGr 3&#8243; module_id=\u00bbmostra\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb background_enable_image=\u00bboff\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb0px||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb top_divider_height=\u00bb36px\u00bb top_divider_height_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_phone=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb collapsed=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00bboff\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_close=\u00bbon\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00bbon\u00bb da_is_singular=\u00bboff\u00bb da_with_loader=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_shadow=\u00bbon\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#gr3').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.grb3').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#gr3\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.grb3').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbgrb3&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#ea5e23&#8243; body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ea5e23;\">3.\u00a0<\/span>Air raid shelter in Pla\u00e7a de la Revoluci\u00f3<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbgr3&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; 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text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>From the underground car park, we can enter part of the shelter built in this part of the Gr\u00e0cia neighbourhood during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) to protect the local people from air bombing raids.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This air raid shelter, like most of the 1,400 excavated in the city, was built by local residents, who constituted themselves into a committee to acquire construction material and establish shifts for volunteer workers. According to the documents conserved, this appears to have been one of the best-organised shelters in the area. Once construction was complete, the Residents Council informed its members that it was operational. Residents had users cards that identified the entrance they should use and their seating number.<\/p>\n<p>The shelter was discovered in 1994 during works to build the underground car park here. Construction did not stop, however, and the facility was almost completely lost apart from one section of tunnels that can be visited from the fourth floor, on request of the key from the car park attendant.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#ea5e23&#8243; background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10066,10067,10065,10068&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; 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body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#ea5e23&#8243; body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ea5e23;\">4. <\/span>Passeig de Sant Joan<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbgr4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; 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text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>The first great demonstrations after the death of Franco took place on Sundays 1 and 8 February 1976. In several parts of the city, the people took to the street chanting \u0093Freedom, Amnesty, Statute of Autonomy\u0094. One point where particularly large numbers of demonstrators assembled was Passeig de Sant Joan, where the police made their most violent baton charges.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A few months after the death of Franco, a large number of civil society organisations, led by the Federation of Residents\u0092 Associations of Barcelona (FAVB), decided to take to the streets to demand that the government of Arias Navarro should embark on a real process towards democracy. On 1 February 1976, a demonstration was called to demand amnesty for political prisoners, whilst the following Sunday another march was held to call for the restoration of Catalonia\u0092s political rights and national freedoms.<\/p>\n<p>Although these demonstrations were banned by the authorities, citizens assembled in huge numbers to take part in the first demonstration, which was to begin at what is now Passeig de Llu\u00eds Companys (then V\u00edctor Pradera). This led to police charges against pedestrians in that area. Word was then passed that the rally would take place at the crossroads of Travessera de Gr\u00e0cia and Passeig de Sant Joan (then General Mola). According to reports from the time, between 4,000 and 12,000 people gathered at that point at around 11 am. The crowd marched to Carrer de Rossell\u00f3, where a large contingent of police forces awaited. The demonstrators sat down on the ground to show their pacifism, but the police charged nevertheless, with batons, rubber bullets and smoke bombs, and the crowd dispersed to other points in the city. Several photographers captured the charge on their cameras, producing images that now comprise historic documents.<\/p>\n<p>At the demonstration on the following Sunday, February 8, confrontations with the police also took place at different points in the city and Passeig de Sant Joan was once more the scene of disturbances, with many people arrested and injured. However, Government repression did not weaken the democratic cause, but strengthened it. Over the following weeks, more and more sectors went on strike and many local authorities and organisations joined the call for amnesty. However, it was not until Adolfo Su\u00e1rez was appointed as president that the first signs of opening up were seen: on 14 October 1977, the first democratically-elected Parliament finally approved plans to grant an amnesty.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#ea5e23&#8243; background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: TRANSITION<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10085,10082,10083,10084&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbGr 5&#8243; module_id=\u00bbmostra\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb background_enable_image=\u00bboff\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb0px||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb top_divider_height=\u00bb36px\u00bb top_divider_height_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_phone=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb collapsed=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00bboff\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_close=\u00bbon\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00bbon\u00bb da_is_singular=\u00bboff\u00bb da_with_loader=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_shadow=\u00bbon\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#gr5').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.grb5').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#gr5\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.grb5').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbgrb5&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#ea5e23&#8243; body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ea5e23;\">5.\u00a0<\/span>Elizalde Factory<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbgr5&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>During the Spanish Civil War, the Elizalde factory in Passeig de Sant Joan, located between Carrer C\u00f2rsega and Carrer Rossell\u00f3, switched from manufacturing cars and airplane engines to making bombs and engines for the Republican air force. Consequently, factory was the target of Fascist air raids.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Following the outbreak of the Civil War in July 1936, a revolutionary process also began, which changed property relations, with the workers taking over a large number of companies until the end of the war. On 24 October 1936, in order to bring this situation under control, the Catalan Government approved the Decree of Collectivisations and Worker Control. Amongst other measures, the decree ordered the collectivisation of companies with more than one hundred workers, giving smaller enterprises freedom to choose.<\/p>\n<p>In 1937, the Elizalde factory was collectivised, renamed SAF 8 and set to producing aviation bombs and Russian M25 airplane engines. Due to its strategic value, the factory was the frequent objective of fascist bombings. On 13 February 1937, Barcelona suffered the first of 194 bombings it was to suffer during the war, when the Italian cruiser Eugenio di Savoia shelled the city for the first time, killing 18 people. The Dreta de l\u0092Eixample neighbourhood was one of the worst-affected areas and, in Passeig de Sant Joan (then Passeig de Ferm\u00ed Gal\u00e1n), the Elizalde factory was hit by several shells, though it was not seriously damaged.<\/p>\n<p>After the war, the Elizalde factory continued to make airplane engines. In 1951, the Franco Government ordered its integration into ENMASA, the national aviation engine company, and its transfer to a new site in the Sant Andreu district. The factory in L\u0092Eixample was demolished and, in October 1964, a new residential development opened in Paseo del General Mola, with four blocks and 288 homes built at the initiative of a large banking institution.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#ea5e23&#8243; background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10092,10091,10093,10090&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbGr 6&#8243; 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Just months before the Civil War broke out, a monument to the Republic was unveiled here. Following the defeat, this was altered and dedicated to the Francoist victory. After the restoration of democracy, the name of the Square was changed to Pla\u00e7a de Joan Carles I (king of Spain) but it was not until 2011 that the statue of victory installed by the Franco regime was removed.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On 12 April 1936, in the square known as Pla\u00e7a Cinc d&#8217;Oros (due to the shape of the lampposts in the centre, which reminded people of the playing card of the same name), a monument was unveiled in honour of Francesc Pi i Margall, president of the First Spanish Republic. The obelisk by the architects Adolf Florensa and Josep Vilaseca was erected and crowned by, Josep Viladomat\u0092s sculpture \u00abFlame\u0094, representing a nude woman wearing a Phrygian cap, symbol of the Republic, and holding a laurel wreath in her hand. At the base of the monument, a medallion engraved with a portrait of Pi i Margall was installed. Just a few months later, during the military uprising of 19 July 1936, the Cinc d&#8217;Oros was the scene of the first skirmishes between rebel soldiers from the Pedralbes and Sant Andreu barracks and militant workers. The troops were dispersed, some abandoning their weapons in their flight.<\/p>\n<p>After the war and the victory of the Francoist forces, Barcelona City Council renamed the square, which became Pla\u00e7a de la Vict\u00f2ria, and the medallion and the Republican sculpture were withdrawn. The Falangist arms were installed at the base of the obelisk, along with the sculpture that had been placed second in the competition for the original monument. By Frederic Mar\u00e8s, this sculpture also represented a woman, this time with her arm raised. The obelisk was crowned by an Imperial eagle, for which reason the square became popularly known as \u0093Parrot Place\u00bb. The monument was inaugurated on 26 January 1940, the first anniversary of the occupation of the city by Franco\u0092s forces in what was one of the first examples of monumental propaganda at the service of the regime.<\/p>\n<p>After the Allied victory in World War Two, the Franco regime decided to withdraw many fascist symbols from the public space. In the case of the Cinc d\u0092Oros, the eagle was taken down, and the site became known as \u0093Pencil Place\u0094. During the postwar period, the monument did not escape the actions of the anti-Franco movement, which attacked it on several occasions; and during the transition it was the scenario of several demonstrations in favor of freedom and amnesty. On 14 December 1979, after the restoration of democracy, a group of people pulled down the inscription in honour of the rebel soldiers and the Francoist arms. Finally, on 27 February 1981, the square was given the official name of Pla\u00e7a de Joan Carles I.<\/p>\n<p>On 14 July 1990, the original sculpture, \u00abFlame\u00bb, returned to the public space, though in a new home: Pla\u00e7a de Llucmajor in Nou Barris district, where it stands to this day. Some voices have been raised against the movement of this monument to a new site, calling for its return to Pla\u00e7a del Cinc d&#8217;Oros, but residents in Nou Barris oppose this, arguing that the statue has become identified with the district. Finally, on 30 January 2011, in accordance with the so-called Historical Memory Law, Barcelona City Council withdrew Frederic Mar\u00e8s\u0092s statue of Victory from the base of the obelisk.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#ea5e23&#8243; background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: SECOND REPUBLIC, CIVIL WAR, FRANCOISM, TRANSITION<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10099,10101,10100,10098&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; 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_builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb header_font=\u00bb|||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|700||on|||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb20px\u00bb background_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb10px|15px||15px|false|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb10px|15px||15px|false|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb10px|15px|0px|15px|false|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|5px|5px|5px|5px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h2>Horta-Guinard\u00f3<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00bb1_3,2_3&#8243; use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb2&#8243; 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_builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#00839a\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #00839a;\">1. <\/span>Hospital de Sant Pau<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbh1&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; 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During this period, the centre made important medical advances, particularly in the field of surgery.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Construction of the Art Nouveau Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, designed by the architect Llu\u00eds Dom\u00e8nech i Montaner, began in 1902. However the site was not officially opened until 1930, when the 20 pavilions, interconnected by means of underground passages, came into service. This distribution responded to early-20th-century hygienist medical requirements. The new hospital quickly won great repute due to the quality of its facilities and doctors.<\/p>\n<p>On 27 July 1936, shortly after the outbreak of the war, the Catalan Government requisitioned the centre, which was renamed as the General Hospital of Catalonia and was run by the Ministry for Health and Social Assistance, which was directed by the anarchist Pere Herrera. This wartime initiative responded to the Generalitat\u0092s determination to provide quality public health services to the entire population. The hospital\u0092s staff publicly welcomed the new administrative organisation and offered their full cooperation to the authorities.<\/p>\n<p>During this period of public management, which lasted until 1939, great medical advances were made. An example is the war surgery method devised by Doctor Josep Trueta, head of hospital services, and which was later employed widely during World War Two. This was a method of treating fractures and open wounds that prevented gangrene and the consequent amputation of affected members. After the Francoist victory, Doctor Trueta went into exile, firstly in France and later in England, whilst several doctors at the hospital were purged by the new authorities and forcibly barred from their profession.<\/p>\n<p>In 1997, UNESCO catalogued the hospital site as World Heritage. Today, the Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau houses various institutions and is open to the public for guided tours.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#00839a\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10124,10123,10125,10122&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; 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body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#00839a\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #00839a;\">2.\u00a0<\/span>Anti-aircraft battery on Tur\u00f3 de la Rovira hill<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbh2&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>During the Civil War, anti-aircraft batteries were installed on the top of Tur\u00f3 de la Rovira hill, which overlooks much of Barcelona, to protect the people against bombing by the Italian and German aviation that supported the Francoist army.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>During the Civil War (1936-1939), Barcelona was bombed on 194 occasions, several times by Francoist ships, but mostly by Italian and German planes, which supported the military uprising. Hitler and Mussolini used the conflict in Spain to test their weaponry with a view to the start of a new world war. The objective of these bombings was not only to destroy weapons factories and infrastructure, but also to demoralise and spread fear amongst the civil population in the rearguard.<\/p>\n<p>In 1937, the Republican Government set up several bodies to coordinate air raid defences. Under the supervision of DECA, the Special Defence Against Aircraft, anti-air raid batteries were built on Tur\u00f3 de la Rovira hill to combat attacks by planes from Majorca. The hill, which stood 262 metres above sea level, was considered the best strategic point in the city for the installation of these defences. Seven batteries were built, along with facilities for officers and men: dormitories, a kitchen, and showers. The cannons used were Vickers 105 mm guns, which had a maximum range of 13,400 metres. In truth, these batteries were not particularly effective. Too far from the coast from which the airplanes arrived, they mainly played a dissuasive role.<\/p>\n<p>After the war, in the mid-1940s, the site occupied by these batteries became one of the main centres of informal housing, with up to 110 shanties built here to house around 600 people who had come to Barcelona to seek work in Catalan industry.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#00839a\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10131,10130,10128,10129&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbH 3&#8243; module_id=\u00bbmostra\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb background_enable_image=\u00bboff\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb0px||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb top_divider_height=\u00bb36px\u00bb top_divider_height_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_phone=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb collapsed=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00bboff\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_close=\u00bbon\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00bbon\u00bb da_is_singular=\u00bboff\u00bb da_with_loader=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_shadow=\u00bbon\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; 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_builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#00839a\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #00839a;\">3.\u00a0<\/span>Monument to the International Brigades<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbh3&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>The sculpture \u0093David and Goliath\u0094 was unveiled in 1988 in memory of the International Brigades, military units established at the start of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) with foreign volunteers from many different countries who came to Spain to fight for the Republic and against fascism, which was spreading throughout Europe.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The International Brigades were military units established in Moscow in October 1936 by the Communist International (Comintern), the umbrella body for communist parties around the world. The recruiting centre was set up in Paris, and the French Communist Party was placed in charge of organisation. Nonetheless, many of the foreign volunteers from 54 countries who joined the brigades were simply idealists recruited and sent to the Republic by the many committees set up to provide aid to Spain in different States. The aim was to give support to the Republic, which was under siege from forces that had risen against the legitimate government in a coup d\u0092\u00e9tat that had sparked armed conflict, as most of the army supported the rebel generals.<\/p>\n<p>Many of these volunteers were workers, and most had received little or no military training. According to the most recent sources, a total of 35,000 international brigadiers fought in the Spanish Civil War, of whom 10,000 were killed in combat. The International Brigades also included many intellectuals, such as the British author George Orwell, who joined the Workers\u0092 Party of Marxist Unification (POUM) and wrote about his experiences in his book \u0093Homage to Catalonia\u0094.<\/p>\n<p>The sculpture entitled \u0093David and Goliath\u0094 is by the New York artist Roy Shifrin and represents the athletic torso of David on a column, with the defeated Goliath at its foot, symbolised by his helmet. The work was financed by the association Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Battalion, formed by US citizens who fought in the Civil War, and the US Spanish Civil War Society. The members of this association who contributed to the monument included Edward Kennedy, Woody Allen, Gregory Peck, Leonard Bernstein and Harry Belafonte. The sculpture was inaugurated on 28 October 1988, coinciding with the 50th anniversary of the day when the International Brigades were given a send-off in Barcelona in a parade attended by huge crowds on Avinguda Diagonal and Passeig de Gr\u00e0cia.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#00839a\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10137,10136,10134,10135&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbH 4&#8243; 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_builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#h4').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.hb4').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#h4\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.hb4').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbhb4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#00839a\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #00839a;\">4.\u00a0<\/span>Pavilion of the Republic<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbh4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; 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text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>This reproduction of the Spanish Republic Pavilion at the 1937 International Exposition in Paris was built in 1992, when the Vall d\u0092Hebron neighbourhood was redeveloped in preparation for the Barcelona Olympic Games. The pavilion, identical to the one that represented republican democratic values at the fair in France, now houses a documentation centre on 20th-century Spanish history.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Government of the Second Spanish Republic commissioned the architects Josep Llu\u00eds Sert and Lu\u00eds Lacasa to design a pavilion for the Paris Expo in order to promote republican democratic values in response to the totalitarianism that was spreading throughout Europe. With Lacasa, Sert, one of the group of modern architects that took their inspiration from the rationalism of Le Corbusier, designed an avant-garde building with straight lines and unadorned fa\u00e7ades, in stark contrast to the monumentalist architecture employed in pavilions representing countries governed by totalitarian regimes such as Germany and the Soviet Union.<\/p>\n<p>The International Exposition in Paris was used as a chance to show the world what was happening in Spain, which was immersed in a Civil War caused by the fascist military uprising against the legitimate republic government in July 1936. The Spanish pavilion was a propaganda tool warning against the threat to world stability that a fascist victory in Spain would pose. The Second Republic called for the external support that was denied it through the Committee of Non-Intervention whilst the rebel forces received support from Italy and Germany, who sent soldiers, weapons and airplanes to the Spanish fascists.<\/p>\n<p>Many renowned artists supported this propaganda push by contributing works to the pavilion. The works exhibited included: Alexander Calder\u0092s \u0093Mercury Fountain\u0094; Joan Mir\u00f3\u0092s mural entitled \u0093The Catalan Peasant in Revolt\u0094; and Picasso\u0092s iconic work \u0093Guernica\u0094, which denounced the bombing of that Basque town by the German Condor Legion. Photomontages were also installed in the pavilion to illustrate the Republic\u0092s social and modernisation policies, along with other pieces, such as a large portrait of the poet Federico Garcia Lorca, assassinated by the fascists.<\/p>\n<p>On the closure of the International Exposition, the pavilion was demolished, and the artworks were distributed around several countries. Some accompanied the artists that had created them into exile. Nearly 50 years later, Barcelona City Council decided to install a faithful reproduction of that emblematic building in the Vall d\u0092Hebron neighbourhood, which was undergoing redevelopment to house some of the infrastructure required in order to host the 1992 Olympic Games. During the Games, the pavilion housed press rooms. The building was then closed until 1997, when it was converted into the University of Barcelona\u00a0Library of the Republic Pavilion, furnished with a unique documentary collection on the period embracing the Spanish Second Republic, the Civil War, the exile, the Franco dictatorship and the Democratic Transition.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#00839a\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: SECOND REPUBLIC<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10140,10141,10143,10142&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; 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body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#00839a\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #00839a;\">5.\u00a0<\/span>Les Heures Palace<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbh5&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>During the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), this mansion, which now forms part of the University of Barcelona Mundet Campus, was the provisional residence of Llu\u00eds Companys, President of the Catalan Government. The site was considered safe from Fascist air strikes due to its location far from the city centre.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Palau de les Heures, a French-style castle with four round turrets with conical roofs, was built in 1898 at the behest of Josep Gallart, a Catalan industrialist who had made his fortune in Puerto Rico, by the architect August Font. The building and gardens were adorned by many sculptures, one of which, in the main front, represented a woman and child surrounded by an ivy plant, which gave the site its name (\u0093heures\u0094 means \u0093ivy\u0094 in Catalan).<\/p>\n<p>When, on 19 July 1936, rebel soldiers marched into the street and the uprising was quashed by citizens and forces loyal to the Republic, the conservative Gallart family \u0096 the owners of the building, who supported the coup \u0096 left the city to go to Marseilles with special authorisation from the Catalan Government. The Generalitat then requisitioned the estate, which remained uninhabited for more than a year. Finally, in April 1938, the Government placed the house at the disposal of President Companys, who had been forced to leave his own home in Rambla de Catalunya when it was damaged during an air raid. A 53-metre tunnel was made under the mansion, with a concrete base and brick-lined walls, to serve as a shelter in case of aerial attack. However, the estate was not bombed, despite the machinations of its owner, Josep Gallart Jr., who sent a recent aerial photograph to the fascist army with a letter reporting that Companys had taken up residence there, and demanding that it should be bombed.<\/p>\n<p>Companys lived between the Palau de la Generalitat and the Palau de les Heures until 23 January de 1939, when an official car collected him at the Vall d\u0092Hebron mansion in the middle of the night to take him to Girona, from where he went into exile in France. The day after the entry of Franco forces to the city, Josep Gallart returned to Barcelona and took up residence in the mansion, sharing its accommodation with the new Francoist mayor and personal friend, Miguel Mateu. In 1952, the Gallart family left the estate forever, having sold it to the builder Jaume Rius. In 1958, Barcelona Provincial Council acquired the property, which was reformed, taking on its present appearance, in 1992.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#00839a\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10149,10147,10146,10148&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbH 6&#8243; module_id=\u00bbmostra\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; 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_builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#h6').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.hb6').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#h6\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.hb6').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbhb6&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#00839a\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #00839a;\">6.\u00a0<\/span>Horta concentration camp<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbh6&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Following the occupation of Barcelona by Francoist forces on 26 January 1939, a harsh repression began against all those that had supported the Republic. Several provisional concentration camps were established in the city, where those detained were grouped whilst their final destination was decided. One of the largest was installed in the pavilions of the Casa de la Caritat in Horta, which operated for over a year.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The extension of the Casa de la Caritat, an association devoted to social assistance in the Raval neighbourhood, was approved in 1928. The project involved the construction of three pavilions for orphan children in the Horta district, but work was halted due to the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939).<\/p>\n<p>When Francoist forces entered Barcelona, the unfinished \u0093Llevant\u0094 and \u0093Ponent\u0094 (\u0093East\u0094 and \u0093West\u0094) pavilions were converted into a concentration camp. Here, thousands of prisoners were crowded together in appalling conditions. The camp, which opened on 10 February 1939 and was surrounded by a barbed-wire fence, also contained interrogation rooms. There were, basically, three types of prisoner: republican soldiers who had either been captured or had surrendered; exiles arrested on their return from France; and those arrested as the result of reports against them or because of their political standing. An estimated 115,000 prisoners passed through the camp during the period it was in operation, most for short periods as, once classified, they were sent to other detention centres or were assigned to forced labour battalions.<\/p>\n<p>The last prisoners left the concentration camp in April 1940 and, from 1942 to 1945, the site housed hostels for the homeless and patients with tuberculosis. Finally, in 1954, thanks to a donation of 40 million pesetas from the Mundet family, the original project for the Casa de la Caritat was completed. Now known as Llars Mundet, the children\u0092s home was officially opened by Franco in 1957. Today, the site houses University of Barcelona facilities.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#00839a\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: FRANCOSIM<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10149,10152,10154,10153&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; 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background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||0px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text module_id=\u00bb5&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb header_font=\u00bb|||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|700||on|||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb20px\u00bb background_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb10px|15px||15px|false|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb10px|15px||15px|false|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb10px|15px|0px|15px|false|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|5px|5px|5px|5px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h2>Les Corts<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00bb1_3,2_3&#8243; 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background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||0px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#c1').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.cb1').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#c1\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.cb1').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbcb1&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#7b335c\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #7b335c;\">1.\u00a0<\/span>Pedralbes Palace<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbc1&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; 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text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Palau de Pedralbes, built in the early-20th century and converted into the Palau Reial de Barcelona, was used during the Civil War as the residence of Manuel Aza\u00f1a, President of the Republic, when the Spanish Government moved to Barcelona.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The industrialist Antoni G\u00fcell, in cooperation with monarchist sectors in Barcelona, built the Palau de Pedralbes on land he owned in order to offer it to King Alfonso XIII as a residence when he visited the city. The building was completed between 1919 and 1925 by the architects Eusebi Bona and Francesc de Paula Nebot, whilst the gardens were designed by Rubi\u00f3 i Tudur\u00ed, using ornamental elements by Carles Bu\u00efgas and Antoni Gaud\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>During the Second Republic, the State transferred ownership of the mansion to Barcelona City Council and, in 1932, President Maci\u00e0 officially opened the Museum of Decorative Art and a student residence here. During the Civil War, the mansion housed refugee children fleeing from war zones all over Spain. When the Republican Government was moved to Barcelona in November 1937, the site was converted into the residence of President Manuel Aza\u00f1a and was renamed the Palau Presidencial. The transfer of the central government to the city from Valencia also signified the arrival of many Administration workers, obliging both the Catalan Government and the City Council to provide several buildings, something that contributed to the tensions that existed amongst the three authorities.<\/p>\n<p>Besides ensuring the safety of its members during the war, the transfer of the government was carried out in order to take over the powers that the Generalitat had acquired after halting the military coup with the cooperation of popular forces. The Catalan Government had adopted competences that went beyond the provisions of the Statute of N\u00faria (1932), coining money, taking over public order and establishing the Defence Ministry, for example. Central government was particularly concerned by the workers\u0092 committees, which formed a counter-power and escaped institutional control. After the Events of May 1937, the Republican Government re-established its control in Catalonia by sending the forces of public order to Barcelona.<\/p>\n<p>After the occupation of Barcelona by Francoist troops, the Palau de Pedralbes was converted into the residence of the dictator Francisco Franco when he visited the city.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#7b335c\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10185,10186,10183,10184&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbC 2&#8243; module_id=\u00bbmostra\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb background_enable_image=\u00bboff\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb0px||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb top_divider_height=\u00bb36px\u00bb top_divider_height_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_phone=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb collapsed=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00bboff\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_close=\u00bbon\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00bbon\u00bb da_is_singular=\u00bboff\u00bb da_with_loader=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_shadow=\u00bbon\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#c2').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.cb2').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#c2\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.cb2').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbcb2&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#7b335c\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #7b335c;\">2.\u00a0<\/span>Law Faculty<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbc2&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>In 1967, the UB Law Faculty paid tribute to Doctor Jordi Rubi\u00f3 i Balaguer, who had been purged by the Franco regime and expelled from the university. The event, which took place despite being banned, was one of many civic and cultural activities organised by anti-Francoist movements.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On 3 March 1967, the Law Faculty, opened in 1958 on the Pedralbes campus and awarded the FAD architecture prize for its rational design, was the venue for a ceremony to pay tribute to Rubi\u00f3 i Balaguer, on his 80th birthday. Rubi\u00f3 was the first director of the Library of Catalonia, appointed to the post in 1913 by Prat de la Riba. Later, he set up the School of Librarians, whose director he was whilst he also taught literature at the University of Barcelona. During the Civil War, Rubi\u00f3 i Balaguer transferred library services from the war front and saved the heritage in the Palau de la Generalitat library by moving it to the Hospital of La Santa Creu. The Franco regime later purged him, and he was expelled from the university, the Library of Catalonia and the School of Librarians. Despite this repression, Rubi\u00f3 continued his intense intellectual and civic activity, aimed at reviving Catalan culture, and he refused an offer from the Franco regime to become director of the National Library in Madrid.<\/p>\n<p>The 1967 homage was organised by university students and was attended by such intellectuals and leading figures as Pau Casals, Pablo Picasso, Josep Carner, Joan Mir\u00f3, Men\u00e9ndez Pidal and Bosch i Gimpera. The rector of the UB, Francisco Garc\u00eda-Valdecasas, banned the event, but it took place just the same, and 19 participants were arrested and prosecuted, including Miquel Coll i Alentorn, Oriol Bohigas, Manuel Sacrist\u00e1n, Carlos Barral, Joan Oliver and Joan Coromines.<\/p>\n<p>In 1969, the jury for the first Honour Prize in Catalan Letters awarded the accolade to Doctor Rubi\u00f3 i Balaguer. In 1977, he was a founder member of the Association of Writers in the Catalan Language (AELC) and in 1980 he was awarded the Generalitat de Catalunya Gold Medal in recognition for his lifetime work in the field of Catalan letters.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#7b335c\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: FRANCOISM<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10189,10190,10191,10192&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbC 3&#8243; 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header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#7b335c\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #7b335c;\">3.\u00a0<\/span>Les Corts women&#8217;s prison<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbc3&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>During the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), the Catalan Government confiscated the convent, which stands between what are now Diagonal Avenue and Gran Via de Carles III, and converted the site into the General Reformatory for Women. In 1939, the building was taken over by Franco\u0092s forces, who continued to use it as a women\u0092s prison until 1955.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The convent and home for Dominican nuns, known as the Asil del Bon Consell, was requisitioned by the Generalitat Prisons Commission in October 1936 to house inmates from the gaol in Carrer de la Reina Am\u00e0lia, which was demolished that same year. Despite its humanist design, the new prison was overcrowded, and conditions for inmates were terrible. After the Events of May 1937, when Marxist sectors and the unions were repressed, women members of POUM and the CNT were held here, sharing the prison with right-wing and anti-republican elements interned for the duration of the war.<\/p>\n<p>In 1939, when Barcelona was occupied, the prison was taken over by Francoist forces, who placed its management in the hands of two religious orders: firstly, the Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul; and, secondly, the Mercedarians. The prison was built to hold up to 150 people, but as many as 3,267 women passed through its doors between January and October 1939. The maximum number of inmates was reached in August 1939, with 1,763 women and 43 babies. Living conditions were made even worse by overcrowding. There was no space, food was scarce and conditions of hygiene, deplorable: the inmates could shower only every eight or ten days. There was also a shortage of sanitary material, meaning that the babies did not receive correct care. These insalubrious conditions led to the spread of typhus, tuberculosis and scabies, resulting in high infant mortality rates. In order to survive, the inmates established strong links of solidarity. In 1955, the prison in Les Corts was emptied and the inmates were taken, firstly, to the Model and, later, to the Trinitat penitentiary. Two years later, Dominican nuns recovered ownership of the site and sold it to a property development company, which demolished it to build a department store and housing blocks.<\/p>\n<p>For more information: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.presodelescorts.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.presodelescorts.org<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#7b335c\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR, FRANCOISM<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10197,10196,10198,10195&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbC 4&#8243; module_id=\u00bbmostra\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb background_enable_image=\u00bboff\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb0px||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb top_divider_height=\u00bb36px\u00bb top_divider_height_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_phone=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb collapsed=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00bboff\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_close=\u00bbon\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00bbon\u00bb da_is_singular=\u00bboff\u00bb da_with_loader=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_shadow=\u00bbon\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#c4').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.cb4').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#c4\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.cb4').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbcb4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#7b335c\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #7b335c;\">4.\u00a0<\/span>Church of El Remei<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbc4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>This parish church in Les Corts neighbourhood was damaged by fire and used as a warehouse during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Parish Church of Nostra Senyora del Remei was built in historicist style between 1846 and 1849, according to plans drawn up by the architect Josep Oriol Mestres. The belltower was added fifty years later, in 1897. In 1936, following the military uprising and the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, a group of angry local residents attacked the building, whilst another group tried to stop them and save some of the church goods. Despite these efforts, on July 21, people set fire to the church and the roof and arches collapsed. All that remained standing were the outer walls, the Chapel of El Sant\u00edssim Sagrament and the belltower, though these were also badly damaged. During the war, the chapel was occupied by a builders\u0092 committee, which installed offices and stores here. The parish hall was destroyed, but part of the parish archive was saved. In 1940, after the end of the war, work began to reconstruct the church, and this was completed in 1948. Today, the site is known as the Parish Church of Santa Maria del Remei.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#7b335c\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10203,10201,10204,10202&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbC 6&#8243; module_id=\u00bbmostra\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb background_enable_image=\u00bboff\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb0px||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb top_divider_height=\u00bb36px\u00bb top_divider_height_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_phone=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb collapsed=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00bboff\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_close=\u00bbon\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00bbon\u00bb da_is_singular=\u00bboff\u00bb da_with_loader=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_shadow=\u00bbon\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#q6').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.qb6').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#q6\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.qb6').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbqb6&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#7b335c\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #7b335c;\">5.\u00a0<\/span>Castells housing complex<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbq6&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; 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Designed as a private urban development investment plan, it housed poor families in search of job opportunities in the industrial Barcelona of the 1920s. It turned into a hub of anarchism during the years of the Second Spanish Republic and the Civil War.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The businessman Manuel Castells opened an oilcloth and waxed fabric factory in 1874 in this area of Les Corts. In 1923, the widow of his son, Maria Dolors Barnola Grau, and his granddaughter Maria Castells Barnola began the construction of a housing complex for working-class families on nearby land they had inherited. The industrialist Vicen\u00e7 Piera joined the project by providing a plot of land adjacent to his property, and so the Castells Housing Complex was demarcated on a block that comprised 142 houses, each approximately 30 square metres in size. The housing complex was populated with newly arrived families from Castile-La Mancha, Valencia, Murcia, Aragon and Andalusia, drawn by the demand for labour in Barcelona during the 1920s. By 1930 it was already home to 742 people. This high population density (5.22 per dwelling) and the seclusion of the surrounding land led to the forging of strong bonds of fraternity among the community.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, forces loyal to the Republic and much of the citizenry, led by trade unions and anarchists, took to the streets to defend Barcelona. Against this backdrop, the Castells Housing Complex became the focal point of the anarchist movement in Les Corts. Between 1910 and 1930, a network of organisations that shared affinities with anarchism such as the Ateneu de Les Corts [Les Corts Athenaeum] and the bar Los Federales were frequented by residents of the housing complex. The Les Corts Revolutionary Committee was also set up with the aim of defending the neighbourhood and the city in line with anarchist principles. Buildings such as the Carmelites\u2019 Convent \u2013 today the Santa Teresa de Lisieux School \u2013 were transformed into the organisation\u2019s headquarters and soup kitchen, Can Deu became a libertarian athenaeum and the Caserna del Bruc barracks in Pedralbes were occupied and renamed the Bakunin barracks. This very movement also gave birth to the Los Aguiluchos de Les Corts column, one hundred volunteers who went to fight on the Aragon front. Formed by residents of the housing complex, it included the member of the CNT [Spanish confederation of anarcho-syndicalist labour unions] Francisco Piqueras and the L\u00f3pez Parra brothers, and by residents in the surrounding area such as Conxa P\u00e9rez Collado, one of the few female members of the column who over time became a renowned anti-Franco fighter. Others, such as the brothers Francisco and F\u00e8lix Carrasquer, drivers of the anarchist movement in Les Corts, also went to fight at the front and later went into exile and were sent to French internment camps.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During the Franco dictatorship, the housing complex witnessed urban planning changes in the area. The 1953 County Plan implemented by Mayor Josep Maria de Porcioles established a new city model that forced industries to relocate or close down for the purposes of rezoning. This yielded major benefits for the real estate sector while densifying neighbourhoods with tall buildings. With the transition to democracy came the General Metropolitan Plan of 1976, a plan to remodel Barcelona\u2019s urban space,\u00a0 which designated the housing complex as a green area. Said designation set the stage for the demise of the housing complex and its community life, and the neighbourhood had to accept that their homes were doomed to disappear.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, it was not until 2002 that the Castells Housing Complex Urban Development Plan was passed, which scheduled its demolition, affecting 220 families. The first evictions and the subsequent demolition of the vacant homes commenced in 2010. The second phase was completed in 2014. Today, only the Passatge Piera passageway remains, standing testament to the physiognomy of the housing complex<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#7b335c\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR, FRANCOISM, TRANSITION<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10852,10853,10854,10855&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; 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text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>The monument to Josep Tarradellas, President of the Catalan Government in exile and first President of Catalonia when self-government was restored during the transition to democracy, was unveiled in 1999.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The street known as Carrer de l\u0092Infanta Carlota since 1929 (except for the period of the Second Republic, when it was renamed Carrer de Bernat Metge), was named after Josep Tarradellas in 1988, after the death of the former Catalan president in June of that year. Later, on 18 January 1999, centenary of the birth of Tarradellas, the monument that we can see here today was unveiled. By the sculptor Xavier Corber\u00f3, this is a 23-metre-high column formed by five blocks of dark stone, alternating with four blocks of marble, symbolising the four bars of the Catalan flag.<\/p>\n<p>In 1976, following the death of the dictator, Josep Tarradellas, minister of the Catalan Government on several occasions during the Republican period, and President of the Generalitat in exile in France since 1954, began to intensify contacts with Catalan politicians in the country, though he was unable to establish an agreement for the return of Catalan self-government. Parties supporting the restoration of the 1932 Statute of Autonomy emerged victorious from the first democratic elections, held in 1977. In order to neutralise these breakaway forces, Adolfo Su\u00e1rez, president-elect of the Spanish Government, recognised the historic legitimacy of President Tarradellas. On June 27, Tarradellas went to Madrid to meet Su\u00e1rez and King Juan Carlos I. There, Tarradellas agreed the restoration of a Generalitat that would be independent of the Assembly of Parliamentarians, the body formed by the 47 deputies and 16 senators elected in the elections in Catalonia, and renouncing the 1932 Statute of Autonomy. On July 2, a protocol vaguely restoring the autonomy of Catalonia was made public and, on 29 September 1977 a decree was issued to recognise Josep Tarradellas as president of the Generalitat.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, on the afternoon of 23 October 1977, Tarradellas arrived in Barcelona to an enormous public welcome, which culminated in his speech from the balcony of the Palau de la Generalitat that is remembered for his historic proclamation: \u0093Citizens of Catalonia, I am here\u0094.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#7b335c\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: TRANSITION<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10210,10207,10208,10209&#8243; 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background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||0px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#r1').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.rb1').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#r1\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.rb1').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbrb1&#8243; 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body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#955c7d\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #955c7d;\">1.\u00a0<\/span>Palau de la M\u00fasica Catalana<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbr1&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>On 19 May 1960, during celebrations for the centenary of the birth of the poet Joan Maragall at the Palau de la M\u00fasica Catalana, attended by four of Franco\u0092s ministers, the audience began singing \u00abEl Cant de la Senyera\u00bb, the Catalan hymn banned by the Franco regime, leading to the incident known as the Events of the Palau.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In 1960, the Orfe\u00f3 Catal\u00e0 (Catalan Choral Society), with headquarters in the Palau de la M\u00fasica, prepared a tribute to mark the centenary of the birth of Joan Maragall, which sought to be an act of Catalan nationalism. It included the performance of the anthem \u0093Cant de la Senyera\u0094 (a homage to the Catalan flag), considered a symbol of Catalan nationalism and written by Maragall himself. On 21 April 1960, once the programme was approved, the Orfe\u00f3 requested the necessary permission from the Provincial Information and Tourism Office to hold the tribute. Days later, the Chief of Police notified the Orfe\u00f3 that the concert had to be postponed due to its content. As a result, the choral society decided to remove the \u0093Cant de la Senyera\u0094 from the programme in order to keep the date of the tribute for May 19.<\/p>\n<p>This was a time of many anti-Franco initiatives of a civic and cultural nature, which emerged in the mid-1950s, embracing Catalan nationalist affiliations, and some of which also had a clearly Catholic and generally conservative base. Between 1954 and 1955, for instance, the group Catalans Cat\u00f2lics (Catholic Catalans) or Crist Catalunya (Christ Catalonia, CC) was established, formed by young Christians such as Jordi Pujol, who would later become the President of the Government of Catalonia between 1980 and 2003. This group played a part in the so-called \u0093Fets del Palau\u0094 (Events of the Palau de la M\u00fasica), which were to take place during the tribute to Joan Maragall.<\/p>\n<p>That evening, the Palau \u0096 with four of Franco\u0092s ministers in attendance \u0096 was teeming with police under the instruction of the Francoist authorities. When the time came to perform the \u0093Cant de la Senyera\u0094, a group of Catalan nationalists in the audience sang the first verse of the anthem and most of those in attendance followed suit. The police intervened immediately, beating the activists who fought back with their fists. Twenty-five people were arrested, then interrogated and tortured in the Prefecture of Police Headquarters on Via Laietana. Subsequently, there were other arrests, including Jordi Pujol, who despite being one of the instigators behind the protest, did not attend the Palau that night. They were subject to court martial proceedings and were held responsible for the events and the distribution of a pamphlet that criticised the dictator. As a result, Pujol was sentenced to seven years in prison.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#955c7d\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: FRANCOISM<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10242,10239,10240,10241&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbR 2&#8243; module_id=\u00bbmostra\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb background_enable_image=\u00bboff\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb0px||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb top_divider_height=\u00bb36px\u00bb top_divider_height_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_phone=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb collapsed=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00bboff\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_close=\u00bbon\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00bbon\u00bb da_is_singular=\u00bboff\u00bb da_with_loader=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_shadow=\u00bbon\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#r2').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.rb2').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#r2\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.rb2').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbrb2&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#955c7d\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#955c7d\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #955c7d;\">2.\u00a0<\/span>Prefecture of Police Headquarters<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; 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text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>The Prefecture of Police headquarters building was, from the start of the dictatorship to the end of Francoism, one of the symbols of Francoist repression in Barcelona. It was here that the forces of order interrogated and tortured the opponents of the regime, both men and women, that had been taken into custody<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>During the Franco dictatorship (1939-1975), the Prefecture of Police Headquarters was the base of the Sixth Brigade \u0096 also known as the Political-Social Brigade \u0096, the Franco regime\u0092s political police established by law on 8 March 1940 drawing inspiration from the Nazi Gestapo. The Political-Social Brigade was responsible for the systematic and arbitrary persecution of anyone suspected of being \u0093hostile\u0094 to the Franco regime. Eduardo Quintela and Pedro Polo were the most prominent leaders until the late 1950s. In 1963, Antonio Juan Creix was appointed head of the detachment and his brother, Vicente Creix, took over in 1968. Both of them became the figures most feared by opponents of the dictatorship.<\/p>\n<p>The brigade carried out a fully-fledged political campaign to dismantle Franco opposition in complete impunity and without control by the legal system. The use of torture became their routine approach on the basis of which they compiled statements that allowed them to initiate summary proceedings or action by the Tribunal d\u0092Ordre P\u00fablic (TOP, Court of Public Order). The interrogations involved humiliation and threats, beatings and torture such as the \u0093bath\u0094, in which the head of the person under arrest was submerged in a basin of cold water. They were classified into specialised sections: University Service, Labour Affairs, Catalan-Separatist Activities, Communist Activities, etc.<\/p>\n<p>The many operations carried out by the Political-Social Brigade included, particularly, the so-called \u0093Fall of the 80\u0094 in 1947, which entailed the dismantling of the communist guerrilla movement and propaganda apparatus of the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC), as well as the arrest of some of the party\u0092s governing figures. The Political-Social Brigade also arrested Joan Comorera and Gregorio L\u00f3pez Raimundo; Jordi Pujol on account of the \u0093Fets del Palau de la M\u00fasica\u0094 in 1960; broke up the \u0093Caputxinada\u0094 (assembly and sit-in organised by the Barcelona University Democratic Students\u0092 Union) in 1966; and violently dispersed the demonstration of priests in front of the Prefecture of Police to protest against the torture inflicted upon the student Joaquim Boix. Members of the brigade also played a part in the last crimes committed by the Franco regime, such as the execution of Salvador Puig-Antich in 1974 and of Juan Paredes, \u0093Txiki\u0094, in 1975.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#955c7d\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: FRANCOSIM<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10247,10245,10248,10246&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbR 3&#8243; 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_builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#r3').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.rb3').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#r3\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.rb3').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbrb3&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#955c7d\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#955c7d\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #955c7d;\">3.\u00a0<\/span>Headquarters of the National Confederation of Labour (CNT)<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; 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text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>On 23 July 1936, four days after the military uprising against the Republic had been halted in the streets of Barcelona, the CNT workers union occupied this building, formerly the headquarters of the Catalan bosses\u0092 association, <em>Foment Nacional del Treball<\/em>. Due to the hegemony the CNT exercised during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), the site became a centre of power in Catalonia. This was, for example, the starting point for the funeral procession in honour of Buenaventura Durruti, the union leader killed at the front on 20 November 1936.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The National Confederation of Labour (CNT), founded in Barcelona in 1910 on the principles of anarcho-syndicalism, played a very active role in the struggle against the military coup of 19 July 1936. From that point forth, it assumed a leading role sharing the limelight with the Iberian Anarchist Federation (FAI), which led to the trade union being renamed the CNT-FAI. The victory of anti-fascism afforded political and military hegemony to the anarcho-syndicalists, therefore the power remained in their hands and a revolutionary situation ensued in which many residents\u0092, political and trade union organisations occupied buildings and premises. On July 23, the CNT occupied the building of the Foment Nacional del Treball (employers\u0092 organisation) and the adjacent building (owned by Francesc Camb\u00f3, who, having fled to Paris, lent his support to the military-fascist rebellion), turning them into the headquarters of the Regional Committee of the trade union, known as the Casa CNT-FAI.<\/p>\n<p>One of the most famous CNT leaders was Buenaventura Durruti, who participated actively in the revolutionary events in the early war period in Catalonia and who was a member of the Central Committee of Anti-Fascist Militias, an organisation created in July 1936 to organise the forces that fought against the military uprising in Catalonia and at the Aragon front. Soon afterwards, he decided to go to the front and form the Durruti column, which headed first towards Saragossa and in the month of November, towards Madrid, where he died of causes that are still unknown today. On November 21, Durruti\u0092s body set out for Barcelona, where they had prepared a funeral chamber in the Casa CNT-FAI. Throughout the night, crowds gathered outside the headquarters of the anarcho-syndicalists and on the morning of 23 November, a procession began that accompanied Durruti\u0092s coffin, draped in a red and black flag, to Montju\u00efc cemetery. The procession was led by the militiamen in Durruti\u0092s column, representatives of the CNT-FAI and the republican government, noteworthy among whom were the President of the Government of Catalonia, Llu\u00eds Companys, and the Mayor of Barcelona, Carles Pi i Sunyer. They were followed by relatives of the deceased and other left-wing party representatives. In the month of September 1937, the City Council changed the name of Via Laietana to that of Via Buenaventura Durruti.<\/p>\n<p>Following the Francoist occupation of Barcelona in January 1939, employers retrieved the premises and Franco outlawed the CNT and expropriated all its assets. However, the trade union had a considerable presence underground during the dictatorship, both in the trade union struggle and the armed struggle, becoming the leading opposition force until the mid-1950s.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#955c7d\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10254,12040,12041,12042&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbR 4&#8243; module_id=\u00bbmostra\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb background_enable_image=\u00bboff\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb0px||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb top_divider_height=\u00bb36px\u00bb top_divider_height_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_phone=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb collapsed=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00bboff\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_close=\u00bbon\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00bbon\u00bb da_is_singular=\u00bboff\u00bb da_with_loader=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_shadow=\u00bbon\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#r4').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.rb4').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#r4\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.rb4').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbrb4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#955c7d\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#955c7d\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #955c7d;\">4.\u00a0<\/span>Fran\u00e7a train station<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; 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text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Estaci\u00f3 de Fran\u00e7a train station, formerly known as \u0093Barcelona-T\u00e9rmino\u0094, was where thousands of immigrants arrived in Catalonia from the rest of Spain in the 1940s, 50s and 60s. The Francoist authorities forced many of these newcomers to return to their place of origin once more. Previously, during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), Fran\u00e7a station had also been the departure point for thousands of people going into exile in France, fleeing from the advancing Francoist troops.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In the 1940s, unprecedented migration to Catalonia began, lasting three decades, mainly to Barcelona and its metropolitan area, which had an emerging industry. Immigrants arrived in their thousands, mostly from rural regions in the rest of Spain, but also from other parts of Catalonia, with the aim of finding work there given the demand for a workforce. Between 1955 and 1975, Catalonia\u0092s population doubled in size due to this wave of migration, amounting to 5,657,800 inhabitants by the year of Franco\u0092s death. Nevertheless, this immigration did not only stem from economic reasons, but also political motives as many people that had supported the Republic during the Civil War fled their places of origin to avoid reprisals by the Franco regime.<\/p>\n<p>Most of these immigrants came to Catalonia by train, arriving in the railway station Estaci\u00f3 de Fran\u00e7a. Thousands of immigrants from Andalusia came with the express train known as the \u0093El Sevillano\u0094, which ran across the Iberian Peninsula from north to south and east to west. Today, at the History of Immigration Museum in Sant Adri\u00e0 de Bes\u00f2s, visitors can see one of the train\u0092s carriages as a symbol of the major population movements in those difficult times.<\/p>\n<p>In 1952, in response to this migratory phenomenon, which gave rise to large slum areas in Barcelona\u0092s industrial belt, Civil Governor Felipe Acedo issued a communiqu\u00e9 calling on town and city authorities in the province to prevent people without legal residence and work contracts to enter and stay on their territory. To implement this measure, the police took action in Estaci\u00f3 de Fran\u00e7a train station itself, deploying both uniformed and plainclothes officers from the Evacuation Service. Once detained, the newcomers were transferred to the Palau de les Missions in Montju\u00efc, one of the pavilions built for the Universal Exposition of 1929 which was turned into a detention and classification centre for immigrants. Once identified and classified, the immigrants were repatriated to their places of origin from here. Between 1952 and 1957, almost 15,000 people were sent home having passed through the Palau de les Missions.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#955c7d\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: FRANCOSIM<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10260,10257,10258,10259&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbR 5&#8243; module_id=\u00bbmostra\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb background_enable_image=\u00bboff\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb0px||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb top_divider_height=\u00bb36px\u00bb top_divider_height_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_phone=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb collapsed=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00bboff\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_close=\u00bbon\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00bbon\u00bb da_is_singular=\u00bboff\u00bb da_with_loader=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_shadow=\u00bbon\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#r5').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.rb5').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#r5\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.rb5').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbrb5&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#955c7d\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#955c7d\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #955c7d;\">5.\u00a0<\/span>Barcelona Nautical School<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; 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text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>The Nautical School building was occupied by the Central Committee of Anti-Fascist Militias, a body set up on 21 July 1936 (two days after the military uprising against the Republic had been quashed in Barcelona) to mobilise forces to fight against the rebellion in Catalonia and at the war front.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On 20 July 1936, President Llu\u00eds Companys, aware that the important role played by the working class in defeating the military uprising was on the brink of setting off a proletarian revolution, convened a meeting with all the left-wing parties and with the major trade unions (CNT-FAI), to find a solution to the country\u0092s ungovernabilty. At the meeting, Companys proposed creating a new governing body that would bring together all the anti-fascist forces and that would act as a real government overseeing the struggle in Catalonia, i.e., the Central Committee of Anti-Fascist Militias (CCMA). On July 21, the CCMA was established under the direction of the Government of Catalonia. The Committee comprised representatives of the National Confederation of Labour (CNT), the Iberian Anarchist Federation (FAI), the General Union of Workers (UGT), the Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC), the Socialist Union of Catalonia (USC), Catalan Republican Action (ACR), the Union of Sharecroppers and Smallholders (UR) and the Workers\u0092 Party of Marxist Unification (POUM). Over the Committee\u0092s existence, which lasted more than two months, this body organised working-class militias and columns that set out for the front, mainly in Aragon.<\/p>\n<p>The organisation, whose centre of operations was the building that housed the Nautical School in Barcelona\u0092s port, was divided into several departments: Barcelona Militias, County Militias, Propaganda, Safe-Conducts, Supplies, Control Patrols, Transport, Health and Grants. The creation of the CCMA meant the institutionalisation of a duality of powers. The real power was held by the CCMA, which acted as the real government, while the Government of Catalonia managed the spheres of power it was granted by the CCMA. The fact that the CCMA assumed powers beyond the defence of Catalonia, which affected all domains of political, economic and social life, led to problems within the anti-fascist bloc. The major tensions were due to acts of indiscriminate repression against citizens that sympathised with the military uprising: well-off classes, right-wing activists, members of religious orders, etc.<\/p>\n<p>The Catalan political class, from the Government of Catalonia to most organisations and political parties, took action to put an end to the repression. Finally, on 27 September 1936, the CCMA was dissolved and the entry of the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC), the Workers\u0092 Party of Marxist Unification (POUM) and the anarcho-syndicalists (CNT-FAI) to the Government of Catalonia was approved.<\/p>\n<p>The building that served as the headquarters of the CCMA now houses the Barcelona School of Nautical Studies, considered the oldest nautical school in Spain, and part of the Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC) since 1990.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#955c7d\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10265,10263,10266,10264&#8243; 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_builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#955c7d\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#955c7d\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #955c7d;\">6.\u00a0<\/span>Milici\u00e0 Miquel Pedrola street<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; 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text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>During the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), the name of Sant Miquel street in the Barceloneta neighbourhood was changed to Miquel Pedrola street, after the local resident and POUM leader who died in action at the front. The plaque with Pedrola\u0092s name was covered over by several coats of paint during the Francoist dictatorship, when many street names in the city were changed, and was restored in 2010 in an action to restore the popular memory.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Today, at number 45, Carrer de Sant Miquel, there is an inscription that clearly reads \u0093Carrer de Miquel Pedrola\u0094, with an explanatory plaque underneath. This was the name of the street from 1937 to 1939, in tribute to Miquel Pedrola i Alegre, a prominent member of the Workers\u0092 Party of Marxist Unification (POUM) who died on 8 September 1936 at the front in Huesca.<\/p>\n<p>Pedrola began his political career in the Iberian Communist Youth and later joined the POUM. When the Spanish Civil War broke out, he joined the first columns of militia that set out from Barcelona for the front, with the rank of commander. He was killed in the attack in Casetas de Quicena (Huesca) and news of his death caused great commotion in Barcelona, as he was a well-known and popular figure. The funeral was attended by the masses, with many expressions of condolence from the public. In the Barceloneta neighbourhood, where he had resided and was well known, a tribute to his memory was held in October 1936, organised by the Joventut de la Uni\u00f3 de Cooperadors (Youth of the Cooperators\u0092 Union). The street\u0092s name change was approved by Barcelona City Council and became effective at a pubic event attended by various figures on 21 February 1937. The street recovered its previous name with the establishment of the Franco regime.<\/p>\n<p>This inscription was discovered in 2009 and, thanks to the mobilisation of historians and various residents\u0092 associations and other organisations in the Barceloneta neighbourhood, the owners of the building, which was being remodelled, agreed to conserve and restore the plaque.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#955c7d\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10269,10272,10271,10270&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; 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background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#r7').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.rb7').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#r7\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.rb7').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbrb7&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#955c7d\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#955c7d\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #955c7d;\">7.\u00a0<\/span>La Barceloneta market<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; 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Barceloneta was one of the worst-hit areas in the entire city.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Barceloneta neighbourhood was one of the hardest-hit by fascist air raids during the Civil War. It suffered several bombardments due to its strategic position next to the sea and fishing port, the location of the gas plant and workshops for the Maquinista Terrestre i Mar\u00edtima (Land and Marine Engineering Company), which manufactured war equipment. Many parts of the neighbourhood were affected, including the Pla\u00e7a de la Font, where the market stood and where today information panels recall those dramatic events. The intensity of the bombardments and large number of fatalities led to the provision of accommodation by the City Council for many families in other parts of the city, particularly uptown, where numerous apartments belonging to well-off families had been left vacant as their owners fled when the war broke out.<\/p>\n<p>Amongst the air raids that affected the neighbourhood, particularly noteworthy is that of 29 May 1937 when a squadron of planes concentrated its operations on the Barceloneta, destroying numerous buildings and causing a high number of fatalities. In addition, one of the bombs destroyed one of the workshops of the Land and Marine Engineering Company, leaving nine people severely wounded. One of the missions was to destroy the gas plant which, fortunately, did not suffer any damage. On 1 October 1937, another deadly air raid took place; in addition to the bombs dropped by the planes, they shot into the fleeing crowd, particularly on Passeig Nacional \u0096 now Passeig de Joan de Borb\u00f3 \u0096 and its surroundings. That day, twelve bombs were dropped on a school on Carrer de Balboa during class time. The bombing led to 87 deaths and 53 wounded. Another Italian air raid took place on October 19 that year which heavily affected the fishing harbour and dock in Barcelona, putting the Jaume I tower and the port\u0092s cable car out of action.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#955c7d\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10234,10232,10233,10235&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; 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_builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb header_font=\u00bb|||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|700||on|||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb20px\u00bb background_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb10px|15px||15px|false|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb10px|15px||15px|false|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb10px|15px|0px|15px|false|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|5px|5px|5px|5px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h2>Sant Mart\u00ed<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00bb1_3,2_3&#8243; use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb2&#8243; 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_builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; 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During the period of the Second Spanish Republic (1931-1939), the association extended its activities to become a reference for less well-to-do sectors in the neighbourhood. The present headquarters occupies the site where the original building stood.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Foment Martinenc, created at the initiative of artisans and workers with heightened social awareness, sought to offer instruction and knowledge to the residents of Sant Mart\u00ed de Proven\u00e7als, then an independent and predominantly working-class municipality which was not incorporated into Barcelona until 1897. The organisation also offered its members a space for recreation and culture with theatre performances, literary events and dance sessions in a designated hall.<\/p>\n<p>The association remained on the sidelines of politics until 1931 on the proclamation of the Second Republic, when it afforded its explicit support to the government. Foment Martinenc then became something more than a place of instruction and social interaction. It also became a place for spreading the Catalan language (Catalan was the official language of the association), culture and traditions, as well as social awareness. During the time of the Republic, Foment Martinenc became a point of reference for the neighbourhood\u0092s working class sectors in light of its social role and the large number of activities it carried out, expanding its organisation of courses, lectures, concerts and plays.<\/p>\n<p>Within the organisation, women\u0092s participation was promoted for the first time \u0096 which until then had not been members \u0096 and in 1935 the Women\u0092s Section was created, who would go on to exercise full rights with the association\u0092s structure a year later. As of 1936, the enrolment of members was regularised. Today, the Women\u0092s Section continues to be one of the pillars of the organisation.<\/p>\n<p>During the Spanish Civil War, Foment Martinenc became one of the targets of the different political parties and trade unions in an endeavour to influence its social mass; however, its openness to all viewpoints and non-belligerent stance prevented the association from being identified with any particular group, despite its working class and progressive nature.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#e07c7d\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: FRANCOSIM<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10292,10290,10289,10291&#8243; 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custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbM 2&#8243; module_id=\u00bbmostra\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb background_enable_image=\u00bboff\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb0px||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb top_divider_height=\u00bb36px\u00bb top_divider_height_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_phone=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb collapsed=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00bboff\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_close=\u00bbon\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00bbon\u00bb da_is_singular=\u00bboff\u00bb da_with_loader=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_shadow=\u00bbon\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#m2').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.mb2').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#m2\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.mb2').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbmb2&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#955c7d\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#e07c7d\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #e07c7d;\">2.\u00a0<\/span>Hispano Olivetti factory<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; 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text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>The site that today houses the Gl\u00f2ries shopping centre conserves the original structure of what was once the Hispano Olivetti typewriter factory. Workers at the factory protested to demand better working conditions and more pay on several occasions during the 1950s and 60s. These actions formed part of a wave of protests by the working-class movement, one of the most belligerent sectors in its opposition to the Franco regime.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In 1940, the company Hispano Olivetti acquired a plot at number 866, Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes (then known as Avinguda de Jos\u00e9 Antonio Primo de Rivera) to build a 2,700 m2 building. In 1963, the company already had 32,000 m2 and 3,200 employees, who were very active in demanding improvements for the working classes. Working-class unrest in Francoist Spain erupted in the mid-1950s, when the regime kept salaries very low and market prices were increasingly higher given the economic openness promoted by the government. Both the workers of Hispano Olivetti and those in companies in Catalonia and Spain called for an increase in salaries through several strikes that always ended in police intervention, arrests and dismissals. In the light of this situation, the Collective Bargaining Act was approved in 1958, allowing companies and workers to negotiate working conditions and wages, with the participation of the Spanish Trade Union Organisation (the only legal union in Spain under Franco, also known as the Vertical Syndicate)as the workers&#8217; representative. In April 1962, in the mines of Asturias, a strike began that was heavily repressed by the police and which spread across Spain. In this context, on 16 May 1962, the workers of Hispano Olivetti initiated a strike to demand a daily salary of 175 pesetas and a negotiation of the labour agreement in force, signed one year earlier. The strike gave rise to many arrests and dismissals and, three days later, the workers returned to work.<\/p>\n<p>On May 25, a meeting was held between the workers and the company in which the workers&#8217; demands were negotiated and the political connotations of the strike \u00abagainst the regime\u00bb were condemned. As a result of these mobilisations, in September 1962, Franco enacted the Collective Disputes Law which admitted the existence of labour disputes and a distinction was made between strikes for economic reasons and those for political reasons, both of which were considered illegal. In addition, on 17 January 1963, a minimum wage was introduced. In the case of Hispano Olivetti, this led to one of the most organised workers&#8217; movements in Barcelona and the staff had a very significant presence in subsequent protests.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#e07c7d\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: FRANCOISM<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10297,10298,10295,10296&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbM 3&#8243; 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_builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#m3').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.mb3').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#m3\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.mb3').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbmb3&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#955c7d\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#e07c7d\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #e07c7d;\">3.\u00a0<\/span>El C\u00e0nem factory<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; 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text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>In Carrer de la Llacuna street, between Carrer Ramon Turr\u00f3 and Carrer Doctor Trueta streets, stands the front of what was once the \u0093El C\u00e0nem\u0094 factory, in a building that now houses offices and a four-star hotel. When Francoist forces entered Barcelona on 26 January 1939, the city\u0092s prisons were soon overflowing due to the sheer size of the repression, and other buildings had to be converted into holding facilities. Accordingly, El C\u00e0nem became a detention centre for suspected opponents of the new regime.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In the second half of the 19th century, Poblenou became the city\u0092s main industrial district and became known as the \u0093Catalan Manchester\u0094. During this time, many factories began operating, particularly in the textile industry, such as the factory set up in 1882 by the brothers Bartolom\u00e9 and Carles God\u00f3, who also founded the newspaper La Vanguardia. The factory was popularly known as \u0093El C\u00e0nem\u0094 (The Hemp), since it is a very similar fibre to jute, the product manufactured there. Two thousand employees worked there, particularly women and children in very harsh conditions.<\/p>\n<p>In 1939, the God\u00f3 brothers, in a display of affection for General Franco, gave the space to the Francoist authorities for free, which was turned into a detention centre taking advantage of its two warehouses and outdoor patio, and also because opposite was a military barracks of the Civil Guard that could keep watch on the premises. Some 3,000 republicans lived in appalling conditions at the centre, with very little food, terrible overcrowding and a disciplinary regime characterised by constant threats and abuse meted out by the security wardens. Furthermore, they were forced to sing the anthem of the Falange party, \u0093Cara al Sol\u0094 (\u0093Facing the Sun\u0094), every morning. It is estimated that nearly 11,000 republican supporters, victims of reprisals, passed through El C\u00e0nem, which acted as an appendage to the Model prison until 23 March 1942, when the last prisoners were transferred.<\/p>\n<p>Today, on the pavement of Rambla del Poblenou, where it crosses with Carrer de Llull, there is a square dedicated to the \u0093Dones del C\u00e0nem\u0094 (Women of El C\u00e0nem) in memory of the employees subject to extreme working conditions. However, there is no reference to those imprisoned there during the Franco dictatorship.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#e07c7d\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: FRANCOSIM<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10303,10301,10304,10302&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; 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background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#m4').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.mb4').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#m4\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.mb4').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbmb4&#8243; 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text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>The area used to build the site for the Forum of Cultures, which took place in 2004, was formerly known as El Camp de la Bota. This open space was used in the Spanish Civil War and, particularly, during the Francoist dictatorship, as a place of execution. It was chosen for this purpose because its location far from the city centre meant that the curious were prevented from witnessing the shootings that went on there. Today, a monument, \u0093Fraternity\u0094, has been erected on the site in memory of those who were murdered at El Camp de la Bota.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On the site of El Camp de la Bota, located on the border between Barcelona and Sant Adri\u00e0 de Bes\u00f2s, a castle was built in 1858 to establish an artillery school that operated until the Second Republic. From 1925, this area of the city was transformed into one of the many slums of Barcelona where immigrants that arrived in the city settled in the hope of finding work and a better life.<\/p>\n<p>At the outset of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), the firing range at El Camp de la Bota was the location chosen by the Republican government to execute 44 soldiers accused of rebelling against the legitimate authorities during the coup d\u0092\u00e9tat in 1936. However, once the war came to an end, El Camp de la Bota became a note site of Francoist repression. The new authorities used the grounds for number executions of those subject to court martial proceedings and sentenced to death for military rebellion, basically members of political parties, trade unions and organisations that had lent support to the Republic. Specialised sources claim that a total of 3,385 people were executed in Catalonia after the war, of whom almost 1,700 were killed at El Camp de la Bota. Many of the executions were carried out between 1939 and 1940.<\/p>\n<p>Those sentenced to death learned of their fate a few hours before their death and were transported by truck from the various detention centres to El Camp de la Bota. Once shot, they were taken to Montju\u00efc cemetery and buried in the mass grave known as Fossar de la Pedrera. Beforehand, an army doctor certified the death with a document which generally stated internal bleeding as the cause of death without specifying its cause. The celebration of the International Eucharistic Congress in Barcelona in 1952 put an end to this practice at El Camp de la Bota, in an endeavour to clean up the regime\u0092s image.<\/p>\n<p>In 1992, the monument \u0093Fraternity\u0094, a work by Miquel Navarro, was erected in tribute to those dead in this place. At the bottom is a plaque which was initially dedicated to the victims of the Civil War, though in 2004 the inscription was replaced with a dedication to those shot between 1936 and 1952, that is to say, the victims of the war and the Francoist dictatorship. Also, in 2013 a plaque in memory of the citizens of Barcelona who for years lived in shacks in this area of the city was placed in front of the blue building of\u00a0the Natural History Museum. Moreover, in the part of El Camp de la Bota belonging to Sant Adri\u00e0 de Bes\u00f2s, an information panel was erected in 2010 to mark the spot of the firing parapet and a ceremony to pay tribute to the victims took place.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#e07c7d\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: FRANCOISM<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10309,10310,10308,10307&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; 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_module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb header_font=\u00bb|||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|700||on|||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb20px\u00bb background_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb10px|15px||15px|false|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb10px|15px||15px|false|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb10px|15px|0px|15px|false|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|5px|5px|5px|5px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h2>Sant Andreu<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00bb1_3,2_3&#8243; use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb2&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||0px||false|false\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb1_3&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbGentium Book Basic|700|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#28b8ce\u00bb text_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb text_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbright\u00bb text_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb text_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb text_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb text_line_height_phone=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb text_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">A route to discover how the working classes built the revolution during the Civil War and how the Franco dictatorship repressed women who did not accept its doctrines.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00bb2_3&#8243; 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background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||0px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#a1').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.ab1').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#a1\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.ab1').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbab1&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; 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text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>The former Pegaso truck factory, which stood at this point in La Sagrera neighbourhood, was the scene of several workers\u0092 protests in the 1950s and 60s, during the Francoist dictatorship. The workers\u0092 movement was one of the sectors that most vehemently opposed the regime. In the 1970s, moreover, La Sagrera was the scene of demonstrations by residents demanding that the site left by the factory when it was transferred to the Zona Franca should be used for social purposes.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In 1951, employees of the Empresa Nacional de Autocamiones S.A. (ENASA, a vehicle manufacturing company), known as Pegaso, joined the general strike convened in the month of March. A strong workers\u0092 movement emerged that demanded wage increases and improved working conditions, but which also opposed a dictatorship that gave preferential treatment to employers to the detriment of workers\u0092 rights. Throughout the 1950s, many protests took place at the Pegaso that ended in police intervention in the factory and the arrest of workers. In 1956, a strike was staged to demand an eight-hour day, a decent salary and unemployment insurance. In the month of March 1958, the workers joined the strike in solidarity with the miners in Asturias that had mobilised against the wage freeze, which led to retribution such as the closure of the factory, with the consequent suspension of pay, and dismissals.<\/p>\n<p>During the 1960s, workers were very active in voicing their grievances. In 1962, there was a stoppage in solidarity with the miners that had been dismissed after a strike. The protest was followed by workers across Spain, 50,000 of whom were in Catalonia, and workers in Pegaso joined in calling for the negotiation of a collective bargaining agreement that had been postponed since 1958. This led to the closure of the factory for a fortnight and the dismissal of four employees.<\/p>\n<p>In 1971, the factory\u0092s move to the Zona Franca district commenced and the residents mobilised to recover the space and afford it a social function. They demanded a school and a park for the neighbourhoods of La Sagrera and Sant Andreu. In 1975, ENASA sold half the land to a real estate company that rapidly constructed apartments there; the other half belonged to the city. Residents were constant in their demands during that time and, finally, in 1976, the City Council began the construction of a school that was to become one of the largest in Barcelona with six classes in each year. In 1986, the park was officially opened which is still there today; one of its entry points still has the old entrance to the Pegaso factory. A plaque was installed\u00a0in memory of the workers who fought for freedom and welfare during the Franco regime.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#28b8ce\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: FRANCOSIM, TRANSITION<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10325,10324,10323,10322&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbA 2&#8243; module_id=\u00bbmostra\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb background_enable_image=\u00bboff\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb0px||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb top_divider_height=\u00bb36px\u00bb top_divider_height_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_phone=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb collapsed=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00bboff\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_close=\u00bbon\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00bbon\u00bb da_is_singular=\u00bboff\u00bb da_with_loader=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_shadow=\u00bbon\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#a2').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.ab2').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#a2\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.ab2').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbab2&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#955c7d\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#28b8ce\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #28b8ce;\">2.\u00a0<\/span>Church of Sant Paci\u00e0<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bba2&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>During the Spanish Civil War, the Church of Sant Paci\u00e0 was converted into a hospital and soup kitchen.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Church of Sant Paci\u00e0 was built in 1895, the work of the architect Joan Torras i Guardiola. Antoni Gaud\u00ed, then a young architect of 27 years of age, designed the floor mosaic and the interior decoration of the church. During the Setmana Tr\u00e0gica (Tragic Week, 1909), it was set alight, but not during the Spanish Civil War thanks to the action of residents that protected it, since the priest was held in high esteem in the community.<\/p>\n<p>Like other religious sites in the city, during the armed conflict, it served a different public use other than a place of worship. Sant Paci\u00e0 was turned into a hospital and also a soup kitchen, christened the \u0093Menjadors Durruti\u0094, where free meals were served daily to the public to cope with the shortages of the war period. The rectory was used as a private house and, at the end of the conflict, the Church recovered the entire site.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#28b8ce\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10328,10329,10331,10330&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbA 3&#8243; module_id=\u00bbmostra\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb background_enable_image=\u00bboff\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb0px||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb top_divider_height=\u00bb36px\u00bb top_divider_height_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_phone=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb collapsed=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00bboff\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_close=\u00bbon\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00bbon\u00bb da_is_singular=\u00bboff\u00bb da_with_loader=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_shadow=\u00bbon\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#a3').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.ab3').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#a3\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.ab3').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbab3&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#955c7d\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#28b8ce\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #28b8ce;\">3.\u00a0<\/span>Casa Bloc (Block House)<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; 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text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Designed by GATCPAC during the Second Republic with the goal of establishing a new housing model that would substantially improve living conditions amongst the working classes.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>With the proclamation of the Second Republic (14 April 1931), new approaches to architecture were advocated in line with rationalist trends in Europe. In this context, the Government of Catalonia commissioned the Catalan Group of Architects and Technicians for the Progress of Contemporary Architecture (GATCPAC, founded in 1930) to develop a project to provide decent housing for the working-class population given the acute shortage of housing in Barcelona as a result of the flood of migration of workers in search of work in the metropolitan area\u0092s industry. On 13 March 1933, President Francesc Maci\u00e0 laid the first stone of the Casa Bloc, which was built in several phases until 1936.<\/p>\n<p>It comprised five blocks arranged in the shape of an \u0093S\u0094 to foster ventilation and natural light in the 207 duplex apartments measuring between 55 and 77 m2. They consisted of a ground floor with a living-dining room, kitchen, toilet, shower room and terrace, and two or three bedrooms on the upper floor. The ground floor premises were allocated to communal services: swimming pools, gardens, cr\u00e8ches, libraries and consumer cooperatives. With the arrival of the Franco regime, the building was spoiled with the addition of a block in a communal area in 1948, known as the \u0093ghost block\u0094, to accommodate the families of the national police. The south wing was allocated to residences for soldiers\u0092 widows and orphans. Today, visitors can see a flat in the Casa Bloc as an example of the rationalist architecture promoted by the Republican Government of Catalonia.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#28b8ce\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: SECOND REPUBLIC<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10337,10335,10338,10336&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbA 4&#8243; module_id=\u00bbmostra\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; 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_builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#a4').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.ab4').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#a4\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.ab4').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbab4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#955c7d\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#28b8ce\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #28b8ce;\">4.\u00a0<\/span>Sant Andreu Artillery Park<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; 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text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>This site in Sant Andreu district housed the Artillery Park which, on the evening of 19 July 1936, when the military uprising against the Republic began, was attacked and sacked by workers defending the legitimate government, who seized 30,000 rifles.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In Barcelona, the military uprising against the Republic began on the morning of 19 July and enjoyed the support of all the officers assigned to the artillery park in Sant Andreu. The only mission was to protect the large volume of arms (30,000 rifles) stored there. Defence of the building was organised jointly with the adjacent barracks and the military personnel accepted the voluntary collaboration of 200 uniformed Falangists and Traditionalists, armed and ready to protect the barracks.<\/p>\n<p>As evening fell, when in the rest of the city the uprising had been stifled and the situation was under the control of the government forces, a large number of citizens led by anarcho-syndicalists of the CNT-FAI headed towards the barracks aiming to get hold of the weapons. They were aware that seizing the weapons would give them absolute power over the situation. The National Republican Guard, concerned over the fate of the weapons, could not prevent the attack and refused to confront the crowd. From that point forth, trade unions and workers took control of the street: the revolution in Barcelona had begun.<\/p>\n<p>The Sant Andreu barracks, property of the Ministry of Defence, fell into disuse in 1998 and were demolished in 2004 except for some old military\u00a0houses. At that time, urban regeneration of the area was planned, including the provision of public services and housing demanded by the neighbourhood\u0092s residents.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#28b8ce\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10344,10341,10343,10342&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbA 5&#8243; module_id=\u00bbmostra\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb background_enable_image=\u00bboff\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb0px||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb top_divider_height=\u00bb36px\u00bb top_divider_height_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_phone=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb collapsed=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00bboff\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_close=\u00bbon\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00bbon\u00bb da_is_singular=\u00bboff\u00bb da_with_loader=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_shadow=\u00bbon\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#a5').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.ab5').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#a5\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.ab5').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbab5&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#955c7d\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#28b8ce\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #28b8ce;\">5.\u00a0<\/span>La Trinitat women&#8217;s prison<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bba5&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>In 1963, a new women\u0092s prison opened in the Trinitat Vella neighbourhood, run by nuns from the order known as the Evangelical Crusades of Christ King. Over the years, the inmates included, particularly, political prisoners arrested during the dying years of the Franco regime.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On 9 July 1963, the Trinitat women\u0092s prison was opened; it was to hold the 263 inmates and 19 children from the prison in Les Corts \u0096 closed in 1955 \u0096 that had been temporarily transferred to the Model prison for eight years. The centre was run until 1978 by the Croades Evang\u00e8liques del Crist Rei (Christ the King Evangelical Crusades), a religious order created in 1937 to keep watch over common criminals and female Republican prisoners. The Franco regime\u0092s initial goal was to redeem the prisoners of their sins but, with the reform of the National Prisons Service in 1956, the objective was to efface the prisoners\u0092 ideology until they ceased believing in everything that had led to their incarceration.<\/p>\n<p>The nuns in Trinitat prison, who followed a strongly fascist ideology, endeavoured to obliterate the prisoners\u0092 ideas. Political prisoners were considered more dangerous than common prisoners since they thought for themselves and were more difficult to control. The nuns sought to make them lose their identity and to isolate them from the world by using psychological torture. In December 1975, following Franco\u0092s death, 14 political prisoners in Trinitat jail declared a hunger strike to demand improvements in their situation and to highlight the discrimination they endured; however, few concessions were made for them. From that point and throughout 1976, the Barcelona Feminist Group convened demonstrations in front of the prison every Sunday to demand changes in the treatment of prisoners. Finally, in 1978, with the prison reform, the nuns were replaced with civil servants and the new prison regulations were implemented.<\/p>\n<p>In 1983, the prison became a Penitentiary Centre for Young People intended for prisoners under 21 years of age. In January 2009, the demolition of much of the site began and a small-scale event took place to pay tribute to the women that had been imprisoned there during the Franco era.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#28b8ce\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: FRANCOISM<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10350,10347,10348,10349&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; 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_builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb header_font=\u00bb|||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|700||on|||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb20px\u00bb background_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb10px|15px||15px|false|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb10px|15px||15px|false|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb10px|15px|0px|15px|false|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|5px|5px|5px|5px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h2>Sants-Montju\u00efc<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00bb1_3,2_3&#8243; use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb2&#8243; 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background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||0px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#s1').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.sb1').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#s1\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.sb1').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbsb1&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; 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text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>In 1964, Comissions Obreres, the Workers\u0092 Commissions union, was founded in this parish church in La Bordeta neighbourhood. The establishment of this new union was a clear sign that the workers\u0092 movement was organising in response to the lack of freedoms and harsh labour conditions imposed by the Franco regime. In 1976, an assembly convened to reconstitute the National Confederation of Labour (CNT) in Catalonia took place in this same parish church.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In Barcelona, the Comissions Obreres (CCOO, Workers\u0092 Commissions) union was formally established in 1964 at a meeting in the parish of Sant Medir attended by 300 workers that had mobilised in previous meetings in the parish of Sant Miquel in Cornell\u00e0 de Llobregat. This was made possible thanks to the emergence of core groups of permanent workers at the large metalwork factories and the formation of a new working class fuelled by waves of migration from the rest of Spain. Among the participants in the Sant Medir meeting were workers representing different production sectors. The CCOO defined themselves as a socio-political movement and not as a trade union. The goal was to bring workers together regardless of their ideology. From the outset, it showed a desire to act legally \u0096 as opposed to clandestine trade union action \u0096 while condemning the Vertical Syndicate (the only legal union in Spain during the Franco era) and to defend workers\u0092 interests. The lack of rights held by workers was criticised and the creation of a list of demands was proposed, as was the need to call for the creation of committees across all companies.<\/p>\n<p>On 29 February 1976, the parish of Sant Medir was the venue for the assembly to reinstate the National Confederation of Labour (CNT), an anarcho-syndicalist trade union founded in 1910 that had been banned during the Franco regime. At the trade union centre, which had been one of the major clandestine opposition forces in the dictatorship until the mid-1950s, from the 1970s nuclei of young and independent libertarians emerged that, together with former CNT members, made the reconstruction of the CNT possible. The Sant Medir Assembly brought together 500 people that debated several issues: organisational criteria, tactics for trade union action and the plurality of unions within the organisation. The CNT was legalised on 9 May 1977.<\/p>\n<p>Both the creation of the CCOO and the reconstitution of the CNT in the parish of Sant Medir were made possible in a context of a working-class Catholicism that was a key component in the new workers\u0092 movement that emerged in Catalonia in the mid-1950s. Working-class priests served in parishes in urban centres with a greater working-class population, while clandestine trade unions were promoted by Catholic militants. Therefore, Catholicism constituted one of the pillars of the anti-Franco opposition in Catalonia, alongside Marxism and nationalism.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#53af7e\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: FRANCOISM<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10364,10362,10365,10363&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbS 2&#8243; module_id=\u00bbmostra\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb background_enable_image=\u00bboff\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb0px||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb top_divider_height=\u00bb36px\u00bb top_divider_height_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_phone=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb collapsed=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00bboff\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_close=\u00bbon\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00bbon\u00bb da_is_singular=\u00bboff\u00bb da_with_loader=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_shadow=\u00bbon\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#s2').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.sb2').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#s2\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.sb2').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbsb2&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#955c7d\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#53af7e\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #53af7e;\">2.\u00a0<\/span>Foment Republic\u00e0 de Sants<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbs2&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>In 1931, a number of left-wing, Catalan nationalist and Republican groups called the Conference of the Catalan Left. As a result of this conference, which took place in the Foment Republic\u00e0 building in Barcelona\u0092s Sants district on March 18 and 19, a new political party was founded: Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (Republican Left of Catalonia). The new party won the elections that took place on April 12 following the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In May 1930, the weekly magazine L\u0092Opini\u00f3 published the \u0093Republican Intelligence Manifesto\u0094, which was signed by republicans, Catalan nationalists, CNT trade unionists, socialists, communists and other groups that advocated a federal republic. The manifesto called for the \u0093establishment of a democratic republic\u0094 and the need to bring together the different Catalan nationalist and republican political forces. Though the document did not fully materialise at that time, months later, L\u0092Opini\u00f3 group and the Catalan Republican Party convened the Catalan Left Conference which sought to form a new unitary political force. On his return from exile, Francesc Maci\u00e0 and his party, Estat Catal\u00e0 (Catalan State), joined the initiative.<\/p>\n<p>On March 18, at eleven in the morning, the opening session of the conference was held in the Foment Republic\u00e0 building in Sants, at number 7 on Carrer de Cros, where a commemorative plaque can be seen today. At this meeting, also known as the Sants Conference, the first ideas and groundwork were laid for the creation of Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (ERC, Republican Left of Catalonia). All those in attendance expressed their desire to create a common project to compete in the municipal elections of 12 April 1931 and this largely facilitated the reaching of agreements. The new party that emerged from the meeting was to be the main Catalan political force in the Republican period, with President Francesc Maci\u00e0 at the helm. The Republican Left of Catalonia won the elections with 68% of Catalan councillors in coalition with the Socialist Union of Catalonia. Two days later, Francesc Maci\u00e0 proclaimed the Catalan Republic from the balcony of the Generalitat building.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#53af7e\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: SECOND REPUBLIC<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10368,10369,10370,10371&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbS 3&#8243; module_id=\u00bbmostra\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb background_enable_image=\u00bboff\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb0px||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb top_divider_height=\u00bb36px\u00bb top_divider_height_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_phone=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb collapsed=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00bboff\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_close=\u00bbon\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00bbon\u00bb da_is_singular=\u00bboff\u00bb da_with_loader=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_shadow=\u00bbon\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#s3').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.sb3').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#s3\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.sb3').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbsb3&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#955c7d\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#53af7e\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #53af7e;\">3.\u00a0<\/span>Poble Espanyol Work Camp No. 1<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; 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text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>During the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), Poble Espanyol, The Spanish Village, a compendium of representative buildings from different Spanish regions created on the occasion of the 1929 International Exposition, was turned into a detention camp. Known as Work Camp No. 1, the centre was used to detain people arrested for supporting the military coup against the Republic, as well as deserters from the Republic army, militant anarchists and common criminals.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Poble Espanyol, work of the architects Ramon Revent\u00f3s and Francesc Folguera, was to be demolished upon the conclusion of the 1929 Universal Exposition, but was eventually kept as it was well liked by the public. During the Civil War, it housed the Labour Camp Headquarters, which managed the Republican labour camps in Catalonia. The labour camps were set up in 1936 as a means to rehabilitate prisoners. The goal was to replace prisoners\u0092 leisure time and idleness with work, which marked a qualitative improvement in the prison system. However, from 1937, with the creation of the Military Investigation Service (SIM) that coordinated the Republic\u0092s intelligence services, the orientation of the camps changed and saw a toughening of conditions. Prisoners were forced to work in fortifications or in the construction of infrastructure.<\/p>\n<p>Labour camp no. 1, established in Poble Espanyol, was the main detention centre in Catalonia. The grounds met the requirements to serve this function, since it was a good distance from the city centre and, as a walled enclosure, was isolated from the outside. The centre had two additional sites: the Palau de les Missions, also located on the hill of Montju\u00efc, and the Conciliar Seminary building on Carrer de la Diputaci\u00f3. It was mainly a place for regrouping prisoners that were later sent to other labour camps. Interrogations were often carried out in Poble Espanyol to obtain information on the prisoners\u0092 activities before being permanently assigned to another camp.<\/p>\n<p>According to testimonials, prisoners received proper treatment in this centre compared to other camps. Though some had to sleep in the open air in the main square in Poble Espanyol, most of them slept under a roof, they were allowed to work outside and were not mistreated by the security guards. In late January 1939, when Franco\u0092s troops drew close to Barcelona, the camp\u0092s prisoners were sent to the French border, accompanying the Republican army in retreat, as were 800 inmates from the Model prison.<\/p>\n<p>Today, Poble Espanyol is a centre of recreation that brings together shops, restaurants and spaces in which to hold concerts and educational activities revolving around arts and crafts.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#53af7e\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10376,10374,10377,10375&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; 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text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>The opening ceremony for the People\u0092s Olympiad was due to take place at this stadium on 19 July 1936, but was suspended due to the Fascist military uprising. Barcelona had decided to stage its own Olympics, which several countries had agreed to attend, in protest against the organisation of the Berlin Games, which Hitler used as a platform for Nazi propaganda.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In 1931, Barcelona and Berlin were vying to host the 1936 Olympic Games. However, the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic and news of riots across the country did not offer sufficient guarantees to members of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), who selected Berlin, which had become the capital of the Third Reich in 1933 with the Nazi party\u0092s rise to power. For this reason, Barcelona organised a People\u0092s Olympiad \u0096 an event created in 1921 at the initiative of the working classes \u0096 as an alternative to the Berlin Games. The goal was to spread the values of fraternity among the people through sport, and the initiative had a clear anti-fascist and inter-classist nature. This Olympiad was financed by the Government of Catalonia, the Spanish and French governments, and also received the backing of numerous Catalan sports, cultural and social associations.<\/p>\n<p>On 19 July 1936, in Montju\u00efc stadium \u0096 designed by the architect Pere Dom\u00e8nech for the 1929 Universal Exposition \u0096 preparations were complete for the official opening of the People\u0092s Olympiad; however, the outbreak of the military coup against the Republic that day put an end to the event. In light of the new circumstances, some 200 athletes, in gratitude for the warm welcome they had received from the public, offered their support to the authorities to defend the Republic, even joining the citizen militias and enlisting in the columns that headed for the Aragon front. They were the first foreign soldiers before the creation of the International Brigades.<\/p>\n<p>During the Civil War, Montju\u00efc stadium was used by the Central Committee for Refugee Aid as a shelter for those fleeing fascist repression in the areas in which the military coup had triumphed. During the Franco regime, the stadium was little used, with some exceptions, such as the Mediterranean Games in 1955. In the 1970s, it was to be demolished but public pressure saved it from this fate. For the celebration of the 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games, it was fully renovated and the fa\u00e7ades of 1929 were conserved. Since 2001, it bears the name of the Llu\u00eds Companys Olympic Stadium to commemorate the President of the Government of Catalonia executed by the Franco regime.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#53af7e\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: SECOND REPUBLIC, CIVIL WAR<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10383,10380,10381,10382&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbS 5&#8243; module_id=\u00bbmostra\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb background_enable_image=\u00bboff\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb0px||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb top_divider_height=\u00bb36px\u00bb top_divider_height_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_phone=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb collapsed=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00bboff\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_close=\u00bbon\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00bbon\u00bb da_is_singular=\u00bboff\u00bb da_with_loader=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_shadow=\u00bbon\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#s5').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.sb5').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#s5\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.sb5').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbsb5&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#955c7d\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#53af7e\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #53af7e;\">5.\u00a0<\/span>La Pedrera mass grave<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; 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text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nearly 1,700 prisoners shot by the Franco regime between 1939 and 1952 were buried in the mass grave known as El Fossar de la Pedrera, now a memory site that was dignified in 1985. The victims of these executions were people accused of military rebellion by military tribunes set up by the new regime, which orchestrated a harsh repression against those who had supported the Republic.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>For years, the bodies of the poor and unidentified persons had been buried at the Moragas quarry, also known as the \u0093Fossar de la Pedrera\u0094 (quarry cemetery), and, during the Civil War, victims of the rearguard repression and fascist bombardments were laid to rest here. However, the site is particularly infamous because, after the war, it was used as a grave for those executed in Barcelona by Francoist authorities.<\/p>\n<p>With the entry of Franco\u0092s troops into the city, harsh repression began that, in particular, affected political parties, trade unions and organisations that had lent their support to the Republic; people that were arrested and tried in court martial proceedings and convicted of military rebellion. Those sentenced to death were usually shot in El Camp de la Bota and later moved here in wooden boxes that were thrown into a ditch and covered with quicklime and earth to decompose the bodies as rapidly as possible.<\/p>\n<p>Once the victims had been executed, relatives could move them to Montju\u00efc cemetery to identify the bodies before burial, but they often did not find out until they had already been buried. Sometimes, permission was given to the family to bury the bodies in an individual niche but they were generally buried in the cemetery\u0092s mass grave. Those that were not identified or those not to have confessed before their death according to the prison chaplain were buried directly in the mass grave. In fact, Llu\u00eds Companys, President of the Government of Catalonia, shot at Montju\u00efc castle on 14 October 1940, was to be buried in the mass grave, but his sister arrived in time to identify the body and request that he be buried in a niche she had rented. Finally, the President was buried in the family niche, yet with a plaque that did not state his name to prevent his tomb from becoming a place of commemoration for those that had defended the Republic and the freedoms of Catalonia.<\/p>\n<p>In 1953, those shot under the Franco regime ceased to be buried there and it was half deserted, though the destitute and corpses without niches or relatives that assumed responsibility for them continued to be buried there. In 1976, following the death of the dictator, the first event took place in memory of those buried there as any kind of tribute was prohibited during the dictatorship. In 1985, the place was honoured with a project by the architect Beth Gal\u00ed comprising the mausoleum of President Llu\u00eds Companys, a set of columns bearing the names of the victims of the repression (though some of them are not buried here) and a large gardened area with unique tombstones to all the victims of the Holocaust.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#53af7e\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR, FRANCOSIM<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10389,10388,10387,10386&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; 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background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#s6').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.sb6').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#s6\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.sb6').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbsb6&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#955c7d\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#53af7e\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #53af7e;\">6.\u00a0<\/span>Montju\u00efc Castle<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; 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The castle is often considered a symbol of repression, since the city was bombed from the site twice in the 19th century. After the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), soldiers who had supported the uprising against the Republic were imprisoned and executed here. After Francoist troops had occupied Barcelona, the castle was a key centre for the repression brought to bear by the new regime. The site was turned into a military prison, and many people were executed here, including Llu\u00eds Companys, President of Catalonia.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Montju\u00efc castle, built in 1694 on a site where there had been a military fort since 1640, is a place in the city closely identified with repression. In 1842, General Espartero ordered that, from this point, Barcelona be bombed to quell a revolutionary uprising and, the following year, General Prim ordered another bombardment of the city. In the late 19th century, numerous workers were imprisoned and executed here that had taken part in acts of anarchist violence and, in 1909, those arrested during the Tragic Week were imprisoned here.<\/p>\n<p>In 1936, with the outbreak of the Civil War, the Central Committee of Anti-Fascist Militias \u0096 a body created in the month of July to organise the forces that fought against the military uprising in Catalonia and at the Aragon front \u0096 seized Montju\u00efc castle, therefore it came under Catalan ownership for the first time in modern times. The Committee sought to eradicate the memory of the castle associated with injustice and oppression and to turn it into a place that stood for anti-fascism and the defence of freedoms. However, it continued to exercise a repressive role since it imprisoned and executed soldiers that supported the military uprising against the Republic. As of the Events of May in 1937, when the central government assumed powers of public order and defence that until then had corresponded to the Government of Catalonia, the castle was turned over to the Army of the East and continued to be a place of repression. In the course of a year, 173 people accused of treason and espionage against the Republic were shot.<\/p>\n<p>On 26 January 1939, following the occupation of Barcelona, the castle was taken over by Franco\u0092s troops and turned into a detention centre, for Republican soldiers in particular. However, at the end of February, the concentration camp in Horta, where all the castle\u0092s prisoners were moved, began operating. Therefore, it became a military prison exclusively. Though all the mass executions during the Franco regime in Barcelona were carried out in El Camp de la Bota, one very symbolic execution took place at Montju\u00efc castle, i.e., that of President Llu\u00eds Companys, arrested in France by the German occupation forces and handed over to Francoist authorities. Companys was executed in the Santa Helena moat on 15 October 1940.<\/p>\n<p>The site continued to serve as a military prison until 1960 when it was given to the city whilst remaining under the control of the Spanish army. It was not until 2007 that the castle was handed over fully to Barcelona City Council, which turned it into a space for cultural activities and memorials.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#53af7e\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR, FRANCOISM<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10394,10395,10393,10392&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; 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Today, the shelter is conserved in perfect condition, and guided tours are organised.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Refugi 307 is one of the largest air raid shelters built in the city during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). It is calculated that more than 1,400 such shelters were excavated. The name refers to the file number received from the Junta de Defensa Passiva (Passive Defence Board) in Barcelona.<\/p>\n<p>The construction of Refugi 307, which dates to 1937 according to the plans, was made possible thanks to the work undertaken by local residents, including children that took part in digging the shelters on finishing their school day. The shelter had capacity for 2,000 people, distributed among 200 metres of tunnels with Catalan vaults, measuring 2.1 metres in height and between 1.5 and 2 metres in width. The walls were largely covered with brick and whitewashed to mitigate the claustrophobic effects of being underground. There were three access doors to facilitate entry from the surrounding streets and to guarantee exit in the event of obstruction at one of the entrances. The access tunnels had a zigzag shape to prevent the devastating effects of explosions. Basic facilities were found in the central area, such as a nurses\u0092 station and a fountain, as well as two toilets and several wooden benches fixed to the walls. Also noteworthy was a generator, used to provide the shelter with lighting during power cuts, a safer system than oil lamps. The walls had numerous information panels with the rules of conduct within the shelter.<\/p>\n<p>Though Refugi 307 was considered one of the safest shelters as it was dug into the Montju\u00efc hillside, on the night of 17 March 1938, a bomb that fell near the shelter caused the earth to move, demolishing part of the shelter and killing two children.<\/p>\n<p>Refugi 307 was opened to visitors on 1 April 2007 and is run by the Barcelona History Museum today, which adapted the space to demonstrate the horror of the raids and to publicly acknowledge those that lived under the bombs.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#53af7e\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10400,10398,10399,10401&#8243; 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_builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#988f08&#8243; body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #988f08;\">1.\u00a0<\/span>Monastery of the Pares Caputxins de Sarri\u00e0<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbss1&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>In March 1966, the constituent assembly of Barcelona University Democratic Students\u0092 Union (SDEUB) took place at the Capuchin monastery (Convent dels Pares Caputxins de Sarri\u00e0) in an event known popularly as the \u00abCaputxinada\u00bb. The meeting was raided by the police, who assaulted the monastery, breaking up the assembly and making several arrests.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In the 1950s, at this monastery in Sarri\u00e0, the Franciscan association came into being at the initiative of Brother Basili de Rub\u00ed, who made it a place of welcome for artists and intellectuals outlawed by the Franco regime. During the first half of the 1960s, factors such as the student struggle \u0096 which sought to give a voice to university students and change the Francoist education system \u0096 found the necessary support for mobilisation here. After various assemblies, on 9 March 1966 the constituent assembly of the Barcelona University Democratic Students\u0092 Union (SDEUB) began here. Popularly known as the \u0093Caputxinada\u0094, it brought together 450 representatives from different faculties, in addition to journalists, lecturers and intellectuals.<\/p>\n<p>Once the assembly had begun, the police intervened to break it up, but the participants refused to leave. During the ensuing sit-in, the statutes were approved and the Manifesto For a Democratic University was released. At noon on 11 March, the police raided the monastery, breaking the concordat signed in 1953 between the Franco regime and the Vatican, which prohibited police intervention in a place of worship. Members of the student council were arrested and tried by the Court of Public Order (TOP), which declared the union illegal. Eighteen participating lecturers were dismissed and numerous students were expelled from the university.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#988f08&#8243; background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: FRANCOISM<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10417,10415,10418,10416&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbSS 2&#8243; module_id=\u00bbmostra\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb background_enable_image=\u00bboff\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb0px||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb top_divider_height=\u00bb36px\u00bb top_divider_height_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_phone=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb collapsed=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00bboff\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_close=\u00bbon\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00bbon\u00bb da_is_singular=\u00bboff\u00bb da_with_loader=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_shadow=\u00bbon\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#ss2').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.ssb2').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#ss2\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.ssb2').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbssb2&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#955c7d\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#988f08&#8243; body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #988f08;\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #988f08;\">2.\u00a0<\/span>La Tamarita txeca detention centr<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbss2&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>In 1937, the residence occupying what is now La Tamarita Gardens was converted into the nerve centre of the Military Investigation Service (SIM). This was where the detainees considered most dangerous by Soviet agents were interrogated.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>At the outbreak of the Civil War, La Tamarita estate was confiscated from the industrialist Alfred Mata to turn it into a field hospital. Following the Events of May 1937, however, it became the centre of operations for the Military Investigation Service (SIM), the Republican government\u0092s intelligence agency during the war that employed repressive methods against the fifth column \u0096 Francoist collaborators in the rearguard \u0096 and fugitives, deserters and ambushers, who fled to avoid fighting at the front.<\/p>\n<p>La Tamarita became a txeca (detention centre for political prisoners) where a large contingent of Soviet agents interrogated prisoners. Similarly, Trotskyist militants considered enemies of the Republic were also incarcerated here. All this in a context of war that combined the efforts of ordinary Republican courts with the shortcomings of the system in the hands of arbitrary and repressive decisions. An example of this were the interrogations, in which prisoners were often subject to all kinds of false accusations and physical abuse or torture as a means of obtaining information. When they declared what the prosecutors wanted to hear, they were often sent to the People\u0092s Court.<\/p>\n<p>La Tamarita\u0092s main cell held 16 to 18 prisoners and, whenever this number was exceeded, detainees were sent to the prison vessel \u0093Villa de Madrid\u0094, anchored in the Port of Barcelona.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#988f08&#8243; background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10424,10423,10422,10421&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbSS 3&#8243; module_id=\u00bbmostra\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb background_enable_image=\u00bboff\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb0px||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb top_divider_height=\u00bb36px\u00bb top_divider_height_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_phone=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb collapsed=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00bboff\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_close=\u00bbon\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00bbon\u00bb da_is_singular=\u00bboff\u00bb da_with_loader=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_shadow=\u00bbon\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#ss3').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.ssb3').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#ss3\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.ssb3').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbssb3&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#955c7d\u00bb body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#988f08&#8243; body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #988f08;\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #988f08;\">.\u00a0<\/span>Sant Elies txeca detention centre<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbss3&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>When the Spanish Civil War broke out, the Convent of Santa Maria de Jerusalem was taken over by the Iberian Anarchist Federation (FAI), which converted the site into a detention centre, where those arrested by the Control Patrols were held. In May 1937, the monastery passed into the hands of the Republican Government\u0092s Military Investigation Service (SIM).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On 19 July 1936, after the military coup in Barcelona had been quashed, the Poor Clares left the Convent of Santa Maria de Jerusalem. The Iberian Anarchist Federation (FAI) militias then occupied the convent with the approval of the Central Committee of Anti-Fascist Militias (CCMA) and turned it into a detention centre to imprison those arrested by the Control Patrols responsible for ensuring revolutionary order. This centre operated on the margins of the law, and was often used to detain prisoners before they were executed in Montcada cemetery.<\/p>\n<p>The convent had a number of rooms in the basement that met the requirements to turn it into a detention centre. The place was isolated and had a large amount of space, a vegetable garden with farm animals, two towers and high walls that surrounded the entire site. After the Events of May 1937, management of this detention centre was handed over to the Military Investigation Centre (SIM). The work carried out by the SIM in the rearguard in Barcelona put an end to the fifth column \u0096 Francoist collaborators \u0096 and augmented as the Republic was losing the war and the phenomenon of ambushes, fugitives and deserters among the Republican ranks increased<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#988f08&#8243; background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: CIVIL WAR<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10430,10428,10429,10427&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; 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text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>The Blanquerna Mutual School (today Men\u00e9ndez i Pelayo secondary school), established in 1924, joined the Government of Catalonia system on 1936 and became a member of the schools run by CENU, the Council for the Unified New School;\u00a0committed to a new teaching system based on the principles of rationalist work and human brotherhood, secularism, free of charge, equality between boys and girls, and no class differences.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The M\u00fatua Escolar Blanquerna school was founded in 1924 by families of students in the Escola Graduada Montessori under the auspices of the Mancomunitat association of municipalities of Catalonia and was closed by the Primo de Rivera dictatorship in 1925. Its head was Alexandre Gal\u00ed, from the Catalan nationalist right and a sympathiser with the Mancomunitat, which promoted education in Catalan and completed educational reforms, inspired in freedom and in the methods of an active school.<\/p>\n<p>On 23 April 1934, the extension of the school on Via Augusta was approved in a building designed by Jaume Mestres, following the rationalist architectural model disseminated by GATPAC, which provided the space to students, the key players in education based on action and team learning, The building thereby moved away from the monumentalism and ostentatious features of schools built during the Primo de Rivera dictatorship.<\/p>\n<p>During the Second Republic, M\u00fatua Escolar Blanquerna continued as a private institution but, when the Civil War broke out, the institution joined the Government of Catalonia\u0092s network of schools on 16 August 1936 and became part of the New Unified School Council (CENU) \u0096 a Government of Catalonia body that advocated educational reform of the modern school \u0096, at which time it became a public school. This meant greater freedom of action in secondary education and co-education was established. On 21 January 1939, five days before Barcelona\u0092s occupation by Franco\u0092s troops, classes came to a standstill and that very month the building was confiscated and the institution was dissolved by the new regime.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#988f08&#8243; background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: SECOND REPUBLIC, CIVIL WAR<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10433,10436,10435,10434&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; 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body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #988f08;\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #988f08;\">.\u00a0<\/span>Church of Sant Ildefons<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbss5&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; 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text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00abAll Catalans are shit!\u00bb That is how, in 1959, Lu\u00eds de Galinsoga, director La Vanguardia newspaper poured scorn on the Catalan language during Mass at the Parish Church of Sant Ildefons. The public response to this insult was a boycott of the newspaper. The campaign, which continued until Galinsoga was sacked in February 1960, was one of the first demonstrations of Catalan nationalism under Franco to make a widespread impact.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The insult proferred by the chief editor of La Vanguardia \u0096 a body which transmitted the regime\u0092s values and implemented political indoctrination \u0096 on 21 June 1959 in the parish of Sant Ildefons, was a protest because Mass was celebrated in Catalan. Thus began the \u0093Galinsoga affair\u0094, a campaign of boycotting the newspaper instigated by supporters of the Catalan Language Academy and the group CC (Christ Catalonia or Catalan Catholics), a parapolitical nationalist and Catholic movement that emerged in the mid-1950s. The newspaper lost more than 20,000 subscribers and sales fell by 10,000 copies daily.<\/p>\n<p>On 19 January 1960, Luis Mart\u00ednez de Galinsoga published \u0093Afecto y servicio a Catalu\u00f1a\u0094 (Affection for and service to Catalonia), an article in which he sought to demonstrate his affinities with Catalonia by affirming his friendship with Francesc Camb\u00f3 and Puig i Cadafalch, which proved counterproductive as it ignited another counter-campaign by Catalan nationalist groups. Finally, the newspaper owner, the Count of God\u00f3, in light of the financial losses, asked the Ministry of Information and Tourism to remove Galinsoga from office immediately. On 5 February 1960, despite some disagreement in the Council of Ministers, Franco announced the decision that Galinsoga was to submit his resignation. The victory of the Francoist opposition in this affair gave impetus to the advent of various anti-Franco and Catalan nationalist movements, which instigated other campaigns advocating the Catalan language and culture.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#988f08&#8243; background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: FRANCOISM<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10441,10439,10442,10440&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; 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body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #988f08;\">6<\/span><span style=\"color: #988f08;\">.\u00a0<\/span>School of Nostra Senyora de Lurdes<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbss6&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; 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text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>In July 1966, this school hosted the first summer school since the Civil War ended, organised by the Rosa Sensat teacher training college. In this way, the teachers\u0092 association revived a tool for pedagogical renewal whose origins go back to the year 1914.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The School of Nostra Senyora de Lurdes was established in 1880 in line with the guidelines set forth by the Philippian Sisters to evangelise and teach women to read and write facilitating their access to culture. This pedagogical vision upheld over the years allowed the centre to host the clandestine initiative of the Escola de Mestres Rosa Sensat (founded in 1965) in 1966 to organise teacher training over the summer holidays. The aim was to provide teachers with quality tools and methods whilst reviving the educational reforms that had been implemented during the Second Republic in order to address the shortcomings of the education they received in the official teacher training school under the Franco regime.<\/p>\n<p>One hundred and fifty-four teachers from Catalonia, the Valencian Community and the Balearic Islands, whose common denominators were the Catalan language and the willingness to renew their profession, attended the 1966 summer school. The methodology entailed analysing and sharing the experiences of teachers and students (teachers by profession). Emphasis was placed on the importance of having in-depth knowledge of the child to facilitate their integration into the country\u0092s reality and society through teaching and in accordance with the characteristics of each child. Over the course of 1966, exchanges of experiences and opinions among teachers took place, the only possible means of redressing the profession in times of dictatorship. The initiative was repeated year after year and saw a steady increase in the number of participants.<\/p>\n<p>In 1971, the Franco regime acknowledged the inadequate training of teachers and passed the General Education Bill that promoted educational reform and improved teacher training through the creation of the Institutes of Education Sciences. Thereafter, the Escola de Mestres Rosa Sensat was recognised as a private centre for teacher training and pedagogical guidance.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#988f08&#8243; background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: FRANCOISM<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10448,10445,10446,10447&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; 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_module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb header_font=\u00bb|||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|700||on|||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb20px\u00bb background_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb10px|15px||15px|false|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb10px|15px||15px|false|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb10px|15px|0px|15px|false|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|5px|5px|5px|5px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h2>Nou Barris<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00bb1_3,2_3&#8243; use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb2&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; 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background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||0px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('#n1').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.nb1').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#n1\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.nb1').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbnb1&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#c34528&#8243; body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#e759ab\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<span style=\"color: #e759ab;\">1.\u00a0<\/span>Mental Institute of the Holy Cross[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbn1&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; 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text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\"><strong>The Institut Mental de la Santa Creu was built towards the end of the 19th century on land far from the city of Barcelona. It was officially opened as a pioneering centre for treating mental illnesses, although the Spanish Civil War and Francoist dictatorship had an adverse effect on its operations, turning it into an obsolete and loss-making institution. Today the buildings that remain from that large complex house the headquarters of the Nou Barris District and other municipal facilities.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">It was in the mid 19th century that the Hospital de la Santa Creu, which was located in the Raval neighbourhood, launched a project to build a centre for the mentally ill beyond the city walls. The psychiatrist Emili Pi i Molist came up with the idea for the new centre, following the progressive model that was being developed all over Europe. The complex was designed by Josep Oriol i Bernadet and built under the supervision of the architects Elies Rogent and Josep Artigas between 1885 and 1915, in the historicist style .<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">The complex had 12 wings and room for 700 patients. It had rooms segregated by sex and social class, a dining room, a kitchen, workshops, a library, an infirmary and pharmacy, baths, allotments, a theatre and its own church. It was the city&#8217;s biggest building when it was opened and became a benchmark psychiatric institution. Its patients were looked after by the religious orders of the Germans i les Germanes Hospital\u00e0ries de la Santa Creu.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">The disastrous military uprising of July 1936 and outbreak of the Spanish Civil War unleashed a revolutionary wave that led to acts of violence against ecclesiastical properties. The Institut Mental&#8217;s church, which was dedicated to St Raphael, was ransacked but spared destruction. A film from that period, made by the National Labour Confederation (CNT), shows a group of militiamen inside the grounds, shooting at fascist soldiers. The militiamen pillaged its religious symbols and piled them up outside. The film is the first documentary of the building that we know of, although it has not been precisely dated and could be a re-creation of the events.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">After the war, the centre continued to be run by Dr Torras Buxeda, who ran it from 1934 until 1960. At the start of the post-war period the Institut Mental suffered a budgetary and material deficit which worsened conditions for its patients. Added to that was the increased number of people diagnosed with learning disabilities during the Franco dictatorship, in response to the incorporation of national Catholic morality at all levels of society.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">A movement began in the 1970s which denounced the social exclusion of mental patients, depriving them of their basic rights, and the arbitrary nature of their diagnoses. Numerous meetings were organised at the Institut Mental between workers and patients to examine the issue in greater depth. This renovation led to a reduction in the number of patients, and centres like the Institut Mental were no longer profitable. By then, work had begun on dismantling the complex, despite opposition from staff, the families of patients and some of the area&#8217;s local residents who found its closure counter-productive for the neighbourhood.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">It was finally closed down in 1987. Most of the wings were pulled down, except for the main body and the first wing in the women&#8217;s section which today houses the headquarters of the Nou Barris District, a public library, a Gu\u00e0rdia Urbana [city police] station and other municipal offices. Part of the land was turned into the Parc Central de Nou Barris and the rest was built on. The Esgl\u00e9sia de Sant Rafael is the only element to have been abandoned and has suffered serious deterioration. Local neighbourhood groups are calling for it to be renovated as part of the district&#8217;s heritage.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#e759ab\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: SECOND REPUBLIC, CIVIL WAR, TRANSITION<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10497,10498,10499,10496&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; 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body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#e759ab\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #e759ab;\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #e759ab;\">2.\u00a0<\/span>Square of the &#8216;Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo&#8217;<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbn2&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; 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The small and sloping square contains several plaques commemorating very different events but with a common link: the fight against dictatorships<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">Barcelona is one of the cities with the largest number of exiles from Argentina taken in between 1976 and 1983, as a result of the military dictatorship in that country. This community is represented by entities such as the Commission of Solidarity with Relatives of the Disappeared (COSOFAM) which took the initiative to request an urban space dedicated to the Madres de la Plaza de Mayo association. So, the site was officially opened in homage to the mothers, grandmothers and other family members that, since 1977, have been gathering in the Plaza de Mayo in Buenos Aires to demand the Argentinian government investigates the disappearance of their relatives during the dictatorship. Two commemorative plaques were put on the pavement of the square and a Memorial grove created in 1995 in the Nou Barris district itself, in Tur\u00f3 de Roquetes, in honour of Argentina\u0092s victims.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">A more recent addition is the round plaque located close to the zebra crossing, officially unveiled in 2004 in homage to the anti-Francoist libertarian resistance member Josep Llu\u00eds Facer\u00edas, who died at this spot on 30 August 1957. When the Spanish Civil War broke out, Facer\u00edas enlisted with the Libertarian Youth at just16 years of age. He fought with the Republican army until his capture by the Francoist enemy, which resulted in incarceration in several prisons, concentration camps and labour battalions, lasting until 1945. Once released, he joined the anarchist movement, becoming a member of the CNT\u0092s Graphic Industries Union. He took up the armed struggle once again, robbing banks, bombing office buildings and carrying out attacks. He was part of the best-known quartet of urban resistance fighters alongside Quico Sabat\u00e9, Marcel\u00b7l\u00ed Massana and Ramon Vila, alias \u0093Caracremada\u0094 [burnt face].<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">On the day he died, Facer\u00edas was meant to meet a fellow party member around the area of the Institut Mental, but the latter had been intercepted and tortured the previous day until he confessed the time and place of the meeting. The police were waiting for Facer\u00edas on 30 August 1957 at the junction between Pi i Molist and C\/ Urrutia where they fired at him until he fell into a ditch that today bears the plaque. When the police officers approached him, they found him dead, with a grenade in his hand, having died without time to set it off.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">Homage is paid to him every 30 August, in front of the plaque, to remember the death of this urban resistance fighter who never gave up the fight against fascism and the Francoist dictatorship.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#e759ab\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: FRANCOISM<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10504,10503,10502,10505&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; 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text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\"><strong>This large roundabout used to be known as Pla\u00e7a de Llucmajor until 2016, when it was renamed to commemorate the 2nd Spanish Republic (1931-1939). Its renaming was part of a series of changes to names of streets and public spaces in the city aimed at recovering the Republican heritage in squares and streets.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">The first republican symbols were put up in the square in 1990. These consisted of Josep Viladomat&#8217;s sculpture entitled <em>Flame, <\/em>representing a female figure as a symbol of the Republic, and the medallion with an effigy of Pi i Margall, the Catalan politician who was Spain\u0092s first Republican president (1873-74). Both these elements had been part of a series of sculptures officially unveiled in 1936 at Pla\u00e7a del Cinc d\u0092Oros, at the junction between Avinguda Diagonal and Passeig de Gr\u00e0cia. It was at this site that the sculpture <em>Flame<\/em> crowned an obelisk, the only element to have been kept in its original place over the years. The Pi i Margall medallion stood at its foot, a work by Joan Pie.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">As the Francoist troops entered the city in January 1939, the sculpture and medallion were removed and the obelisk rededicated to the fascist victory by incorporating a female statue created by Frederic Mar\u00e9s. But Viladomat&#8217;s sculpture and Pie&#8217;s medallion, instead of being destroyed, were hidden in a municipal warehouse on Carrer Wellington throughout the Francoist dictatorship, alongside other statues that had been removed from public spaces representing Catalan-nationalist figures. It was not until Pasqual Maragall became mayor of Barcelona that these works were returned to public streets and squares. A large monument designed by the architects Albert Viaplana and Helio Pi\u00f1\u00f3n, integrating Josep Viladomat\u0092s sculpture and Pi i Margall&#8217;s medallion, was unveiled in 1990 in the Nou Barris district.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">It was only 20 years later that a formal demand was made for renaming the square. The Coordinating Committee for Nou Barris local residents\u0092 associations and entities organised a collection of signatures calling for this. The District approved it from the start but the City Council did not ratify it. An alternative solution was approved two years later: the esplanade at the entrance to Parc de la Guineueta was renamed Jardins de la Segona Rep\u00fablica, where a plaque was also put up in homage of Nou Barris\u0092 Republican fighters.<\/p>\n<p>Even so, the calls to change the name of the square continued, and the project was finally approved under a new municipal government in 2015. A year later there was an exchange of names: the central space was renamed Pla\u00e7a de la Rep\u00fablica, and the gardens Llucmajor, thereby avoiding the need to remove the name of this Majorcan town with strong ties to the neighbourhood.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#e759ab\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: SECOND REPUBLIC, TRANSITION<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10513,10511,10512,10510&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbN 4&#8243; module_id=\u00bbmostra\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb background_enable_image=\u00bboff\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb0px||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb top_divider_height=\u00bb36px\u00bb top_divider_height_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_phone=\u00bb\u00bb top_divider_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb da_disable_devices=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb collapsed=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb da_is_popup=\u00bboff\u00bb da_exit_intent=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_close=\u00bbon\u00bb da_alt_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_dark_close=\u00bboff\u00bb da_not_modal=\u00bbon\u00bb da_is_singular=\u00bboff\u00bb da_with_loader=\u00bboff\u00bb da_has_shadow=\u00bbon\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  jQuery('#n4').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.nb4').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#n4\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.nb4').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbnb4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#d5b7e1&#8243; body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#e759ab\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #e759ab;\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #e759ab;\">4.\u00a0<\/span>Harry Walker Square<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbn4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; 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text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>It was here in the La Prosperitat neighbourhood that the Harry Walker factory was located, which became a symbol of the worker&#8217;s fight against francoism in the 1970s. Its workers were at the centre of a two-month strike that prompted displays of solidarity from local residents and even workers from other countries.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Autoaccesoris Harry Walker, a British company dedicated to manufacturing spare parts for cars, had factories in several countries. The Barcelona factory was installed in Passeig Valldaura in 1957 and had a workforce of nearly 500 at the start of the 1970s.<\/p>\n<p>The first stoppage by workers took place in September 1970, as a consequence of the factory\u0092s appalling health conditions. The result was disciplinary action against one worker with two months\u0092 suspension and forty reprimands against other colleagues. The stoppages and protests continued, calling for the suspension of all disciplinary actions and for a raise of 3,000 pesetas a month. The company never once showed itself open to dialogue and continued its reprisals until 17 December when the police arrested nine workers as they were entering the factory to work. The following day a further four workers were fired and the police entered the factory with five cars, two coaches and several mounted patrols, forcing the workers to leave the facilities.<\/p>\n<p>The workers then decided to meet up every morning by the factory\u0092s gate, while the disciplinary actions were increasing.\u00a0The stoppage at the Harry Walker factory continued. Support for the strike spread through Barcelona and abroad, where workers from other companies linked to Harry Walker made their protests felt. Numerous French and Italian newspapers published information on the Barcelona strike, and workers at the Italian factory in Turin declared a boycott of all products intended for Spain&#8217;s factories. However, the repression continued and a further three workers were arrested on 14 January.<\/p>\n<p>The 14 workers given the sack and the 253 others who were suspended without pay lodged a civil action, and the Industrial Tribunal ruled that they had been unfairly dismissed. Despite the fact that Francoist legislation refused to recognise the right to strike, the judge interpreted the indefinite suspension meted out by the company to be the equivalent to a constructive dismissal.<\/p>\n<p>The Harry Walker strike lasted until 15 February 1971 (62 days), achieving a raise of 1,000 pesetas per month and the elimination of casual work contracts. It constituted a workers\u0092 protest model based on forms of direct democracy. The workers, who met up in an assembly, opted to mobilise themselves without direct support from parties or clandestine unions.<\/p>\n<p>The Harry Walker factory was moved to Poliny\u00e0 towards the end of the 1970s. In 1975 the La Prosperitat Local Residents\u0092 Association proposed that the grounds of the old factory should be dedicated to social services, which is what eventually happened. Today the site houses the Institut Sant Andreu, the CEIP Santiago Rusi\u00f1ol [infants and primary school], the Poliesportiu Valldaura [multi-sports centre] and the CAP Rio de Janeiro, which surround a square with a pergola and ornamental fountain.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#e759ab\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: FRANCOISM, TRANSITION<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10518,10516,10519,10517&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; 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background_color=\u00bbrgba(0,0,0,0)\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  jQuery('#n5').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.nb5').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#n5\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.nb5').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbnb5&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#d5b7e1&#8243; body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#e759ab\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #e759ab;\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #e759ab;\">5.\u00a0<\/span>\u00c1ngel Pesta\u00f1a Square<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbn5&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; 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text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Today&#8217;s Pla\u00e7a d&#8217;\u00c0ngel Pesta\u00f1a has gone from being a major centre of slum dwellings and symbol of urban-planning speculation during the Porcioles era to become the focal point of the La Prosperitat neighbourhood, thanks to its local residents&#8217; fighting stamina during the Franco dictatorship and transition to democracy.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The builder Antonio Llobet Torrent started a project in the 1960s at this point in Nou Barris &#8211; known as the Pla de Santa Engr\u00e0cia &#8211; for 40 dwellings on a plot of land that the 1957 Building Plot Plan had allocated as an area for public buildings. The property developer had been selling each dwelling to two or three families at the same time, until the scam was discovered. The builder was convicted but the work remained half finished and the dwellings&#8217; purchasers &#8211; mostly working-class families who had moved to Barcelona from other parts of Spain &#8211; were left without home or money. Many of the people that had been conned went to live in the half-built flats and were gradually joined by other families, mainly of gypsy origin, who built shacks around them. This shanty town was completely forgotten about by the City Council, as the municipal census carried out 1974 by the Municipal Housing Trust did not even mention them.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Then in 1977, following an outbreak of scabies among the Santa Engr\u00e0cia shanty town&#8217;s children, the Residents&#8217; Association strengthened their demands under the slogan \u0093Flats, yes, shacks, no!\u0094. The Mayor at the time, Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Soc\u00edas, promised to deliver decent homes to shanty town residents within a year and a half but it soon became apparent that his pledge would not be met. Local residents reacted by carrying out several acts of protest such as blocking traffic in Avinguda Meridiana and hijacking urban buses on as many as three separate occasions, one of which took the bus to the front of the mayor&#8217;s house. Twenty years of struggle from local residents finally bore fruit and on 10 March 1983 the shacks were pulled down and their former residents provided with decent homes.<\/p>\n<p>Once the demolition was completed, Pla de Santa Engr\u00e0cia was emptied and local residents called for a square and a neighbourhood centre to be built there. However, the company FECSA started to build a transformer station there; but local residents put a stop to the work by dumping abandoned cars on the site. The square was finally officially opened on 14 December 1986 and now houses a neighbourhood centre run by local residents themselves. The City Committee for Safeguarding the Memory of Shanty town Residents put up a plaque in April 2015 in homage to the people who used to live there.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>This part of the La Prosperitat neighbourhood has been named after anarcho-syndicalist leader, \u00c0ngel Pesta\u00f1a N\u00fa\u00f1ez (1886-1937), since 1980. Pesta\u00f1a became the highest-ranking member of the National Labour Confederation (CNT) during Primo de Rivera&#8217;s dictatorship, after the assassination of Salvador Segu\u00ed. He founded the Partit Sindicalista in 1932 which joined the Front Popular&#8217;s programme at the 1936 elections, where Pesta\u00f1a was elected an MP to the Spanish Parliament. He was appointed Deputy Secretary General of War after the outbreak of the Civil War but his failing health forced him into retirement a few months later.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#e759ab\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: TRANSITION<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10537,10536,10535,10534&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; 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header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#d5b7e1&#8243; 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text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span><strong>The celebration of the Eucharistic Congress in Barcelona in 1952 led to the destruction of numerous shanty towns and prompted the building of an entire estate of cheap homes to accommodate masses of people migrating from other parts of Spain, who had come to Barcelona in search of a better future. With the passage of time, the poor quality of the flats and shortcomings of the surrounding area gave rise to a strong local residents\u2019 movement with calls for major improvements to the El Verdun neighbourhood.<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>1952 saw Barcelona play host to the 35th Eucharistic Congress, the first international event to be held in Francoist Spain. The congress was seen by the authorities as the end of Spain\u2019s international isolation and as an opportunity to offer a new vision of the country, while strengthening the ties between Francoism and the Catholic Church. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Faced with the arrival of over 700,000 visitors in the city, the government wanted to hide the shanty towns that had sprung up close to La Diagonal, where the main events were meant to be organised. The shanty towns of Santa Gemma, Num\u00e0ncia street, Madrid Avenue and the vicinity of Palau de Pedralbes were quickly demolished and their residents moved in record time. Barcelona&#8217;s civil governor, Felipe Acedo Colunga, launched an urban-planning project inspired by the structure of the Burgos prison, which was known as the \u201c<em>Viviendas del Gobernador<\/em>\u201d [Governor&#8217;s dwellings] located in an undeveloped area of the El Verdun neighbourhood.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The housing estate was built in just two months, although it was not officially opened until 10 July 1953. At the time, families from other shanty areas, such as Somorrostro, Poble Sec and Montju\u00efc, had already been moved to the neighbourhood. The 906 dwellings had to accommodate as many as 5,500 people and were very small, measuring 20m<sup>2<\/sup>, built from very poor-quality materials. Problems soon arose, such as leaks, problems with the electrical wiring and plumbing, which was why they came to be known as the \u201c<em>casitas de papel\u201d<\/em> [little paper houses]. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The new neighbourhood had a military character that went beyond its architectural structure. There was a surveillance service that controlled the residents\u2019 lives and forced them, among other forms of humiliation, to get up at the crack of dawn on holidays to clean the streets, and banned anyone who was not a registered occupant of a flat from staying in it (not even family members). The conditions in the surrounding area were also inadequate: the lighting and sewerage systems were deficient, there were no green spaces, health centres or nursery schools and the only bus line that served the area was private. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>In 1966 resident families were forced to buy the flats they had been renting up to then, with the threat that they would lose their accommodation if they did not comply. Privatisation allowed the municipal authorities to wash their hands of any responsibility for the state of the buildings. The County Plan in 1976 described the Governor&#8217;s dwellings as an area to be remodelled, triggering a whole host of demands from the Nou Barris Local Residents\u2019 Association. Local residents called for new homes in exchange for abandoning their flats. The El Verdun Local Residents\u2019 Association forced the City Council to sign an agreement with the Spanish Ministry for Public Works to redevelop the neighbourhood. Finally, in 1994 the first 40 keys of a housing project that would not be completed until 2007 were handed over.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#e759ab\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: TRANSITION<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10522,10524,10525,10523&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; admin_label=\u00bbGallery 6&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbN 7&#8243; 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_builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_code _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||-3px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<script type=\"text\/javascript\"> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery(document).ready(function() {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->\/\/ ocultar el contenido<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->  jQuery('#n7').hide();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.nb7').click(function(e){<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->e.preventDefault();jQuery(\"#n7\").slideToggle();<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->jQuery('.nb7').toggleClass('opened closed');<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->});<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script>[\/et_pb_code][et_pb_cta button_url=\u00bb#\u00bb content_last_edited=\u00bboff|desktop\u00bb module_class=\u00bbnb7&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; header_level=\u00bbh1&#8243; header_font=\u00bbRoboto|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#fac073&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb30px\u00bb body_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#414141&#8243; body_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb custom_button=\u00bbon\u00bb button_text_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb button_text_color=\u00bb#333333&#8243; button_border_width=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_border_radius=\u00bb0px\u00bb button_font=\u00bbBitter|700|||||||\u00bb button_use_icon=\u00bboff\u00bb button_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_custom_margin_phone=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb button_custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px||false|false\u00bb animation_style=\u00bbfade\u00bb body_font_tablet=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_phone=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb body_font_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb body_font_size_tablet=\u00bb22px\u00bb body_font_size_phone=\u00bb18px\u00bb body_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_text_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb button_text_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb button_text_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb button_alignment_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb button_alignment_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb button_alignment_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb button_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb button_text_color__hover=\u00bb#d5b7e1&#8243; body_text_color__hover=\u00bb#e759ab\u00bb body_text_color__hover_enabled=\u00bbon|hover\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #e759ab;\"><\/span><span style=\"color: #e759ab;\">7.\u00a0<\/span>Salvador Puig Antich Square<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_cta][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbCoffee items\u00bb module_id=\u00bbn7&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb||70px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb||50px||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#82808b\u00bb link_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb link_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb link_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.5)\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb100px\u00bb header_letter_spacing=\u00bb-1px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbRoboto|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#1191bd\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb27px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_3_font=\u00bbRoboto Condensed||||||||\u00bb header_3_text_color=\u00bb#ec649d\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_4_font=\u00bbRoboto Slab||||||||\u00bb header_4_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_4_font_size=\u00bb19px\u00bb header_4_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_5_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_5_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_5_letter_spacing=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_5_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb header_6_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|600|||||||\u00bb header_6_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_6_text_color=\u00bb#17181A\u00bb header_6_font_size=\u00bb16px\u00bb z_index=\u00bb0&#8243; text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb-28px||||false|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb|25px||25px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb|4px||4px|false|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px|||||\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbbottom\u00bb link_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb link_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb85px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb0px\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_line_height_tablet=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_2_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_3_font_size_tablet=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_3_font_size_phone=\u00bb23px\u00bb header_3_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_tablet=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_phone=\u00bb1px\u00bb header_3_letter_spacing_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_3_line_height_tablet=\u00bb0.8em\u00bb header_3_line_height_phone=\u00bb1em\u00bb header_3_line_height_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_4_font_size_tablet=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb header_4_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_5_font_size_tablet=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_5_font_size_phone=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_5_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb header_6_font_size_tablet=\u00bb14px\u00bb header_6_font_size_phone=\u00bb12px\u00bb header_6_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb text_orientation_tablet=\u00bbjustified\u00bb text_orientation_phone=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_orientation_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\"><strong>Pla\u00e7a Salvador Puig Antich offers a view of the city of Barcelona from above. The viewpoint is located in the El Roquetes neighbourhood, the site of important protests held by local residents during the 1970s. Local residents were demanding improvements to public-transport access by the end of the Franco dictatorship and began serious acts of protest that included several bus hijackings<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">This site in Nou Barris is dedicated to Salvador Puig Antich, the last Catalan executed by the Franco regime. Puig Antich was a member of the <em>Iberian Liberation Movement (MIL)<\/em> when he was arrested in 1973 in the midst of a shoot out with the police inside a doorway on Carrer Girona, in Eixample. He was judged by a military court and found guilty of killing the deputy police inspector<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Francisco Anguas Barrag\u00e1n\u00a0in a trial that lacked even the minimum procedural safeguards. Puig Antich was eventually executed at the Model prison on 2 March 1974 at the age of 25. The square was renamed after him in 2006, although it was not until 10 years later that a plaque was put up and a sculpture-viewpoint officially unveiled evoking the step from imprisonment to freedom; that was in March 2016, marking the 42nd anniversary of his execution.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">The viewpoint is located in the Roquetes neighbourhood, one of the areas in the city whose population increased exponentially during the Franco regime, as it took in a large number of the people who came to the city in search of a better future. It was at the start of the 1960s that local residents began to demand basic services such as schools, health-care facilities and public transport. However, the local residents\u0092 proposals were rejected by the authorities.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">In 1969 local residents asked the company Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona (TMB)\u00a0to extend several of its bus lines to the upper part of Roquetes, but the company argued that this would be impossible because several of the streets there were unpaved. Representatives of Roquetes\u0092 local residents at the time decided to take the extreme measure of hijacking a bus and forcing it to drive to the top of the neighbourhood, to show that there were no urban obstacles. The protests did not achieve any positive response until the end of May 1974, when the number 11 bus route was extended, a solution that proved insufficient. This explains why local residents continued to hijack buses during the summer of that year. The local residents\u0092 protests finally paid off because in July 1974 the 11 and 112 bus lines had their routes extended and a new line was created shortly afterwards connecting the Gr\u00e0cia neighbourhood with Pla\u00e7a de Llucmajor.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">Residents form other districts close to Roquetes followed its example by demanding improvements in their area. Local residents of La Prosperitat hijacked a line 12 bus in 1977 and made it drive through Pla\u00e7a Sant Jaume and by the house of the Mayor of Barcelona at the time, Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Soc\u00edas Humbert, to demand the removal of the shanty towns in Pla de Santa Engr\u00e0cia.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-align-justify\">The last known hijacking took place on 7 May 1978 at Torre Bar\u00f3, when Manuel Vital, a TMB bus driver and noted local-resident leader, \u0093hijacked\u0094 the bus he was driving and took it to Torre Bar\u00f3. People from the shanty towns climbed on board during the ride to show their support for his demands. Months later, the 47 bus line was extended to the Canyelles neighbourhood.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbOpen Sans|800|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#e759ab\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px|10px|true|false\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>PERIOD: TRANSITION<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb10531,10530,10529,10528&#8243; orientation=\u00bbportrait\u00bb show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb zoom_icon_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; hover_overlay_color=\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.6)\u00bb hover_icon=\u00bb&#x30;||divi||400&#8243; admin_label=\u00bbGallery 7&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb title_level=\u00bbh6&#8243; title_font=\u00bbBitter||||||||\u00bb title_text_align=\u00bbright\u00bb title_text_color=\u00bb#737373&#8243; title_font_size=\u00bb10px\u00bb title_line_height=\u00bb0.3em\u00bb caption_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb pagination_text_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbcenter\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb20px||20px||true|false\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb20px||20px||true|true\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb5px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>EIXAMPLEA walk along which we will visit a palace where kings, presidents of the Republic or Italian fascist leaders were housed and a women&#8217;s prison that became a symbol of Franco&#8217;s repression in the city.1. Crossroads Passeig de Gr\u00e0cia and Avinguda de la DiagonalThis crossroads between two of the main thoroughfares in Barcelona witnessed several [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10543,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[96,35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11068","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-highlights","category-projects"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>MEMORY SITES - MEM\u00d2RIA BARCELONA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mem\u00f2ria Barcelona especially focuses on locating and interpreting the so-called \u201cmemory sites\u201d where peace and democracy were attacked but also where individual and collective freedoms were defended and vindicated.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/memoriabcn.cat\/en\/memory-sites\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MEMORY SITES - 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